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Arduino Articles
Page 11 of 18
Check if a character is a punctuation mark in Arduino
Just like there is a function to check if a character is alphanumeric or not, there is another one to check if a character is a punctuation mark or not. The name of the function is isPunct(). It takes a character as an input and returns a Boolean: true if the given character is a punctuation mark.ExampleThe following example demonstrates the use of this function −void setup() { // put your setup code here, to run once: Serial.begin(9600); Serial.println(); char c1 = 'a'; char c2 = ', '; char c3 = '1'; char c4 ...
Read MoreCheck if a character is alphanumeric in Arduino
Depending on your use case, you may need to check if a character is alphanumeric or not in Arduino. One example can be validating password strings, wherein you’ve allowed only alphanumeric characters for passwords. Or checking file names for storage in SD Card (sometimes some special characters are not allowed in file names). Arduino has an inbuilt function which checks whether a given character is alphanumeric or not. As you would have guessed, the function is isAlphaNumeric() and it takes in a character as the argument, and returns a Boolean.Examplevoid setup() { // put your setup code here, to ...
Read MoreLogical NOT in Arduino\\n
Logical NOT is performed using the ! operator. The truth table is given below −ExpressionOutputTFFTAs you can see, the logical NOT inverts the truth value of the expression.ExampleThe usage can be understood from the example given below −void setup() { // put your setup code here, to run once: Serial.begin(9600); Serial.println(); int i = 10; if (!(i > 10)) { Serial.println("i is NOT greater than 10"); } else { Serial.println("i is greater than 10"); } } void loop() { // put your ...
Read MoreBitwise NOT in Arduino
Unlike logical NOT, which inverts the truth value of an expression, the bitwise NOT applies to each bit of a number and inverts its value (0 to 1 and 1 to 0). The operator is ~.The syntax thus is ~a, where a is the number on which this operator has to apply.Please note, that all the leading 0s in the number’s representation are also converted to 1. For example, if your board uses 16 bits to represent an integer, then here’s what ~10 will look like0000000000001010101111111111110101~10=-11As you can see, each bit of 10 got inverted. This number corresponds to, using ...
Read MoreLogical AND and OR in Arduino
The logical AND is denoted by the && operator, while the logical OR is denoted by the || operator.SyntaxExpression1 && Expression2ORExpression1 || Expression2Where expression1 and expression2 evaluate to Boolean values (true or false). The output of these statements is determined by the truth tables of logical AND and OR.The truth table for AND is given below −Expression1Expression2OutputTTTFTFTFFFFFAs you can see, both the expressions have to be true for the AND statement to output true.The truth table for OR is given below −Expression1Expression2OutputTTTFTTTFTFFFAs you can see, even if one of the expressions is true, the OR statement will output true.ExampleThe following ...
Read MoreGet max and min values of an array in Arduino
In order to get the max/ min values of an array in Arduino, we can run a simple for loop. Two implementations are shown below. One uses the max() and min() functions of Arduino, and the other uses the > and < operators.The max and min functions have the following syntax: max(a, b) and min(a, b), and they return the max and min values out of a and b respectively.Implementation 1 − Using > and < operatorsvoid setup() { // put your setup code here, to run once: Serial.begin(9600); Serial.println(); int myArray[6] = {1, 5, -6, ...
Read MoreExponential expressions in Arduino
The pow() function of Arduino can be used for evaluating exponential expressions. Any expression of the form ab can be expressed as pow(a, b). For example 23 becomes pow(2, 3).The type for both the base (a) and the exponent (b) is float. This function returns a double.Examplevoid setup() { // put your setup code here, to run once: Serial.begin(9600); Serial.println(); float base = 2; float exponent = 3; Serial.println(pow(base, exponent)); } void loop() { // put your main code here, to run repeatedly: }OutputThe Serial Monitor Output is shown below −You are ...
Read MoreBitwise AND and OR in Arduino
Bitwise AND/ OR means AND/ OR performed at a bit-level, individually. Each number has its binary representation. When you perform the bitwise AND of one number with another, the AND operation is performed on the corresponding bits of the two numbers. Thus, LSB of number 1 is ANDed with the LSB of number 2, and so on.The bitwise AND operation in Arduino is & and the bitwise OR operator is |.Syntaxa & bfor AND.a | bfor OR.The truth table for AND isPQp & q000010100111The truth table for OR is −PQp & q000011101111Since these are bitwise operators, we need to perform ...
Read MoreDo-while loop in Arduino
The do-while loop’s syntax in Arduino is similar to the syntax in C. It is given below −do{ //Code } while (condition);Note the semicolon at the end.Examplevoid setup() { // put your setup code here, to run once: Serial.begin(9600); Serial.println(); int i = 5; do{ Serial.println(i); i--; } while(i > 0); } void loop() { // put your main code here, to run repeatedly: }OutputThe Serial Monitor output is shown below −
Read MoreTimer registers in Arduino
In a previous article, we used the TimerOne library to add timer interrupts to Arduino. But what if we wish to generate timer interrupts without a third-party library? In that case, you will directly have to meddle with the timer registers in Arduino. In this article, we will just introduce the registers relevant to timer operations and explain their significance. We will also provide the page numbers of the ATmega328 (used in Arduino Uno) datasheet wherein you can find detailed information on these registers.You can find the datasheet here −https://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc/Atmel7810-Automotive-Microcontrollers-ATmega328P_Datasheet.pdfTCCRxA and TCCRxBThese are timer control registers. The x stands for ...
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