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Page 2088 of 2109
What is the difference between const int*, const int * const, and int const *?
Here we will see some different types of variable declaration based on integer pointers integer constants and the integer constant pointers.To determine them we will use the Clockwise/Spiral Rule. By discussing the terms, we can understand the rules also.The const int *. This is used to tell the compiler that this is a pointer type variable, and this can store address of some constant int. The Clock rule is saying like this −Now the another one is const int * const. This is used to denote that this is one constant pointer variable, which can store the address of another ...
Read MoreIs there a difference between copy initialization and direct initialization in C++?
The Copy initialization can be done using the concept of copy constructor. As we know that the constructors are used to initialize the objects. We can create our copy constructor to make a copy of some other object, or in other words, initialize current object with the value of another object. On the other hand, the direct initialization can be done using assignment operation.The main difference between these two types of initialization is that the copy initialization creates a separate memory block for the new object. But the direct initialization does not make new memory space. It uses reference variable ...
Read MoreWhen should I write the keyword 'inline' for a function/method in C++?
In C++, the inline keyword is used in different places. To create inline variables, or inline namespace, and as well as to create inline methods or functions.C++ inline function is powerful concept that is commonly used with classes. If a function is inline, the compiler places a copy of the code of that function at each point where the function is called at compile time.Any change to an inline function could require all clients of the function to be recompiled because compiler would need to replace all the code once again otherwise it will continue with old functionality.To inline a ...
Read MoreHow do I convert between big-endian and little-endian values in C++?
Here we will see how to convert Little endian value to Big endian or big endian value to little endian in C++. Before going to the actual discussion, we will see what is the big endian and the little endian?In different architectures, the multi-byte data can be stored in two different ways. Sometimes the higher order bytes are stored first, in that case these are known as big endian, and sometimes the lower order bytes are stored first, then it is called little endian.For example, if the number is 0x9876543210, then the big endian will be −The little endian will ...
Read MoreHow to include libraries in Visual Studio 2012?
To add libraries in Visual Studio 2012, there are two different methods. The first one is manual method. The second one is adding libraries from code.Let us see the manual method first.To add some library, we have to follow these five steps −Add the #include statements necessary files with proper declarations. For example −#include “library.h”Add the include directory for the compiler look up;Go to the Configuration Properties/VC++ Directories/Include DirectoriesThen click and edit, and add new entryAdd one library directory for *.lib files:Go to project (on top bar) -> properties -> Configuration Properties -> VC++ Directories -> Library Directories, then click ...
Read MoreHow do I terminate a thread in C++11?
Here we will see, how to terminate the threads in C++11. The C++11 does not have direct method to terminate the threads.The std::future can be used to the thread, and it should exit when value in future is available. If we want to send a signal to the thread, but does not send the actual value, we can pass void type object.To create one promise object, we have to follow this syntax −std::promise exitSignal;Now fetch the associated future object from this created promise object in main function −std::future futureObj = exitSignal.get_future();Now pass the main function while creating the thread, pass ...
Read MoreHow do I catch a Ctrl+C event in C++?
The CTRL + C is used to send an interrupt to the current executing task. In this program, we will see how to catch the CTRL + C event using C++.The CTRL + C is one signal in C or C++. So we can catch by signal catching technique. For this signal, the code is SIGINT (Signal for Interrupt). Here the signal is caught by signal() function. Then one callback address is passed to call function after getting the signal.Please see the program to get the better idea.Example#include #include #include #include using namespace std; // Define ...
Read MoreHow to determine whether C++ code has been compiled in 32 or 64 bit?
In C++, there is no direct way to check the environment architecture. There are two Macros for Windows systems, that can be used to check the architecture. These macros are _WIN64, and _WIN32. When the system is 64-bit, then the _WIN64 will be 1, otherwise the _WIN32 will be 1. So using macro checking, we can identify the architectureExample#include using namespace std; int main() { #ifdef _WIN64 cout
Read MoreWhat is the difference between a destructor and a free function in C++?
Here we will see what are the differences between destructor and the free() functions in C++. The destructor is used to perform some action, just before the object is destroyed. This action may not freeing up the memory, but can do some simple action such as displaying one message on screen.The free() function is used in C, in C++, we can do the same thing using delete keyword also. When the object is deleted using free() or delete, the destructor is invoked. The destructor function takes no argument and returns nothing. This function is called when free or delete is ...
Read MoreCompiling multiple .cpp files in c++ program
Here we will see how to compile multiple cpp file in C++ program. The task is very simple. We can provide the names as a list to the g++ compiler to compile them into one executable fileTo compile multiple files like abc.cpp, and xyz.cpp at once, the syntax will be like this −g++ abc.cpp xyz.cppTo run the program, we can use this −./a.outExamplefloat area(float r){ return (3.1415*r*r); //area of a circle } float area(float l, float w) { return (l * w); //area of a rectangle }Example#include #include "area.cpp" using namespace std; main() { cout
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