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Data Structure Articles
Page 87 of 164
What is the most security-critical component of DES round function?
There are various component of DES which are as follows −Key Transformation − An initial 64-bit key is changed into a 56-bit key by discarding each 8th bit of the initial key. Therefore for each round, a 56 bit key is applicable. From this 56-bit key, there are several 48-bit subkey is produced during every round utilizing a procedure is known as key transformation. The 56-bit key is breaked into two halves, each 28 bits.Round12345678910111213141516Number of key bits shifted1122222212222221No of key bits shifted per roundIn key transformation procedure, it includes permutation and selection of a 48-bit key from original 56-bit ...
Read MoreWhat is the difference between Encryption and Steganography in Information Security?
EncryptionData encryption is a method of translating information from plaintext (unencrypted) to ciphertext (encrypted). Users can access encrypted information with an encryption key and decrypted information with a decryption key.There are large amounts of sensitive information handled and stored online in the cloud or on combined servers. Encryption needs cybersecurity to protect against brute-force and cyber-attacks, such as malware and ransomware.Data encryption operates by protecting transmitted digital information on the cloud and computer systems. There are two types of digital information, transmitted information or in-flight information and stored digital information or data at rest.The main objective of data encryption is ...
Read MoreWhat are the techniques of Monoalphabetic Cipher?
There are various techniques of Monoalphabetic cipher which are as follows −Additive Cipher − Additive cipher is one method of changing a permutation of the letters of the alphabet. Each letter in the alphabet is cyclically changed by the equivalent amount and the relative order of the letters is kept the similar.The number of position the letter has been transformed is known as key. For example if it can use a key value of 5, ‘a’ is changed 5 positions right in the alphabet to ‘F’, ‘b’, to ‘G’ and so on.The letter ‘u’ is changed to ‘Z’ and thus ...
Read MoreHow many Encryption Rounds are there in IDEA?
IDEA stands for the International Data Encryption Algorithm. IDEA is a symmetric-key block cipher. It is denoted the same key can be used to encrypt the plaintext and decrypt the ciphertext.IDEA needed both the encrypting and decrypting parties to have a secret key that is different from a public-key and other asymmetric encryption schemes. The secret key popular to the encrypting party.IDEA is a patented and universally accessible block encryption algorithm, which allows the effective protection of transmitted and stored information against unauthorized access by third parties.The fundamental element for the development of IDEA were military durability for all security ...
Read MoreHow are subkeys generated in Blowfish algorithm?
Blowfish is a symmetric block cipher algorithm invented by Brute Schneier in December 1993. Blowfish is a substitute of DES or IDEA. One of the most popular feistel network ciphers is Blowfish. Blowfish algorithm has 64-bit block size and variable key length from 42 bits to 448 bits. The algorithm includes a key-expansion part, and data-encryption part.Blowfish create the key of at most 448 bits into several subkey arrays the total is 1042 32 bit values or 4168 bytes. It is a 16- round feistel system, which supports very high key-dependent S-boxes and enable 16 iterations.Every round is adapted with ...
Read MoreWhat are the strength of DES in Information Security?
The strength of DES is as follows −Use of 56 bit keys56 bit key can be frequently used in encryption. There are 256 possible keys. A brute force attack on such number of keys is impossible.A machine implementing one DES encryption per microsecond would take more than thousands of years to divide the cipher.The assumption of one encryption per microsecond is excessively moderate. Diffie and Hellman postulated that the technology existed to develop a parallel machine with one million encryption equipment, each of which can implement one encryption per microsecond.It is necessary that there is more to key-search attack than ...
Read MoreWhat are the popular examples of Block Cipher?
There are some popular examples of Block Cipher which are as follows −The CAST Block Cipher − The CAST Block Cipher is an advancement of the DES block cipher, introduced in Canada by Carlisle Adams and Stafford Tavares. The name of the cipher appear to be after the initials of the inventors. The CAST algorithm has 64 bit block size and has a key of size 64 bits.CAST is based on the Feistel structure to perform the substitution permutation network. The authors defines that they need the Feistel mechanism, as it is well considered and free of basic structural weaknesses.Blowfish ...
Read MoreWhat are the Weaknesses of Data Encryption Standard?
Weaknesses in Cipher Design − Some weaknesses that have been discovered in the design of cipher are as follows −S-boxes − There are three weaknesses have been discovered in S-boxes which are as follows −In S-box 4, the last three output bits can be changed in the same method as the first output bit by integrating some of the input bits.Two particularly chosen inputs to an S-box array can generate the same output.It is possible to acquire the same output in an individual round by converting bits in only three neighboring S-boxes.D-boxes − One mystery and one weakness were discovered ...
Read MoreHow can we evaluate the performance of a Data Encryption Algorithm?
The Data Encryption Standards (DES) algorithm was invented by IBM in the early 1970s. The two main element of the DES-based system are an algorithm and a key. The DES algorithm is a complex interactive procedure includes substitutions, permutations, and mathematical operations.The key feature of DES is that the algorithms is fixed and is public data. But the actual key used is shared secret among the originator and the receiver of a transmission. Advances in DES contains lengthening a key to 128 bits and the multi-pass DES which include multiple passes usually three of encryption and decryption using multiple keys.In ...
Read MoreWhat are the types of Decryption in Information Security?
A reverse process of encryption is known as Decryption. It is a procedure of transforming Cipher Text into Plain Text. Cryptography need the decryption technique at the receiver side to acquire the original message from non-readable message (Cipher Text).Decryption operate by using the opposite conversion algorithm used to encode the information. The same key is needed to return the encrypted data to its initial state.In decryption, the system extracts and transform the garbled information and change it to texts and images that are simply comprehensible not only by the reader but also by the system. Decryption can be accomplished manually ...
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