Adjacency lists effectively store graph relationships. Graph algorithms and operations use it. Adding and deleting edges can dynamically change the connections between vertices. Graph modification, connection analysis, and evolution need this procedure.Adding and deleting edges link and detach vertices, respectively. The adjacency list representation commonly performs these actions by altering the vertices' adjacency lists. Using a vector of vectors, sets, or maps of sets may change the implementation.New edges create pathways and linkages in the graph. However, removing edges breaks connections, changing graph structure and dynamics. These procedures are essential for graph adjacency list integrity and evolution. Methods Used ... Read More

Prefixes are the substrings that start from the zeroth index of the given string and can be of any size from 1 to the complete length of the string. We are given a set of strings and we have to find the common prefix among all of them in the JavaScript programming language. We have to implement the word-by-word matching approach in which we will match the words instead of the complete strings. Input arr = ["zefkefgh", "zefkdefij", "zeffdzy", "zefkdabacd"]; Output zef Explanation From all the given strings, we have the first three characters, the same and the remaining ... Read More

We are given a string and we have to find the minimum number of different character that we need to insert in the given string at any place so that the final string will be palindrome. A palindrome is a string that is just equal to the reverse of it. This problem is of dynamic programming, so we will first go for the recursive approach, then we will memorize it, and at the end we will see the tabulation of the memorization approach. Recursive ApproachExample const max = 1e5; // defining the upper limit // function to ... Read More

The characters used in an arrangement of numeric notation based on the pre-Roman Roman system are known as Roman numerals. All major symbols are covered in the section below. In this problem, we are given a string of Roman numerals and our task is to convert Roman numerals to decimals in the range of 1 to 3999 Here are some examples and explanations to help you better understand the problem. Input str = "DCCCLXXIV" Output str = 874 Explanation DCCC is the Roman representation of 800 as D represents 500 and C represents 100 LXX is the Roman representation of ... Read More

We are given a string that may represent a number and if it is a valid number then we have to convert it into an integer using the Python programming language. atoi() function is used in C programming language and used to convert the string which is passed as the parameter to it into an integer value if the string is a valid integer otherwise it shows the undefined behavior. Sample Examples Input 1 string S = "9834" Output 9834 Explanation We are given a string that represents a number so we have just got the same output. ... Read More

A palindrome is a string that is just equal to the reverse of it. We are given a string and we have to find the minimum number of insertions of any characters required to make the given string as the palindrome. We will see the three approaches: first recursive approach, then we will memorize this solution, and last, we will implement the dynamic programming approach. Recursive ApproachExample #include // library for input and output #include // library to get the integer limits #include // library for strings // function to find the minimum of ... Read More

In Java, substrings are part of the string which contains the continuous character of the string of any length from 1 to complete string. We are given a string and we have to find the length of the largest substring from the given string that only contains the unique characters. We will see three types of methods: finding every substring, sliding windows, and two-pointers. Problem Statement Given a string, write a Java program to find length of the longest substring without repeating characters − Input thisisthegivenstring Output The length of the longest substring that contains only unique characters is: ... Read More

The atoi() function is used in C programming language and used to convert the string which is passed as the parameter to it into an integer value if the string is a valid integer otherwise it shows the undefined behavior. We will implement the atoi() function in the Java programming language. Example Scenario 1: Input: string str = "123" Output: res = 123 We are given a string that represents a number so we have just got the same output. Example Scenario 2: Input: string str = "897c7" Output: res = Invalid Input The given string ... Read More

In this article, we will explore how to find the longest common prefix among a given set of strings using two different approaches in Java. We will first discuss an approach that compares all strings directly to find the longest prefix and then move to a word-by-word matching approach.  Problem Statement We are given a set of strings and we have to find the common prefix among all of them. A prefix is a substring for a string that contains the zero index and could be of any length from 1 to a complete string. Input 1 string arr[] = ... Read More

Prefixes are the substrings that start from the zeroth index and could be of any size from 1 to the length of the given string. We are given two binary string which means both strings contain only two different types of characters and we have to make the first string equal to the second one by flipping the prefix a minimum number of times. Also, it is given that the length of both of the given strings is equal. Input 1 string str1 = "01100" string str2 = "10101" Output 3 Explanation Only operation that we can perform ... Read More