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Csharp Articles
Page 158 of 196
What are multicasting delegates in C#?
A delegate that holds a reference to more than one method is called multicasting delegate.Let us see an example −Exampleusing System; delegate void myDelegate(int val1, int val2); public class Demo { public static void CalAdd(int val1, int val2) { Console.WriteLine("{0} + {1} = {2}", val1, val2, val1 + val2); } public static void CalSub(int val1, int val2) { Console.WriteLine("{0} - {1} = {2}", val1, val2, val1 - val2); } } public class Program { static void Main() { myDelegate d = new myDelegate(Demo.CalAdd); ...
Read MoreWhat is the base class for all exceptions in C#?
The System.SystemException class is the base class for all predefined system exception. Some of the exception classes derived from the System.Exception class are the System.ApplicationException and System.SystemException classes.The System.ApplicationException class supports exceptions generated by application programs. Hence the exceptions defined by the programmers should derive from this class.The following are the exceptions under the base class System.SystemException −Sr.No.Exception Class & Description1System.IO.IOExceptionHandles I/O errors.2System.IndexOutOfRangeExceptionHandles errors generated when a method refers to an array index out of range.3System.ArrayTypeMismatchExceptionHandles errors generated when type is mismatched with the array type.4System.NullReferenceExceptionHandles errors generated from referencing a null object.5System.DivideByZeroExceptionHandles errors generated from dividing a dividend with zero.6System.InvalidCastExceptionHandles errors ...
Read MoreTry-Catch-Finally in C#
C# exception is a response to an exceptional circumstance that arises while a program is running, such as an attempt to divide by zero.C# exception handling is performed using the following keywords −try − A try block identifies a block of code for which particular exceptions is activated. It is followed by one or more catch blocks.catch − A program catches an exception with an exception handler at the place in a program where you want to handle the problem. The catch keyword indicates the catching of an exception.finally − The finally block is used to execute a given set ...
Read Morevolatile keyword in C#
To reduce concurrency issues in C#, use the volatile keyword. Let us seen an example.The following is how you use a volatile keyword for public variable −class Program { public volatile int a; public void Program(int _a) { i = _i; } }Let us see another example: We have two static variables. Set them in a new method −_out = "Welcome!"; _new = true;We declared them as static before using volatile −static string _out; static volatile bool new;Now you need to run the method on a thread −new Thread(new ThreadStart(volatileFunc)).Start();Read the value of the ...
Read MoreTry/catch/finally/throw keywords in C#
Exception handling is based on the following keywords and its usage −try − A try block identifies a block of code for which particular exceptions is activated. It is followed by one or more catch blocks.catch − A program catches an exception with an exception handler at the place in a program where you want to handle the problem. The catch keyword indicates the catching of an exception.finally − The finally block is used to execute a given set of statements, whether an exception is thrown or not thrown. For example, if you open a file, it must be closed ...
Read MoreWhat is the base class for all data types in C#.NET?
Object is the base class for all data types in C#. The Object Type is the ultimate base class for all data types in C# Common Type System (CTS). The object is an alias for System.Object class.When a value type is converted to object type, it is called boxing and on the other hand, when an object type is converted to a value type, it is called unboxing.The following is an example showing the usage of object data types −using System; using System.IO; namespace Demo { class objectClass { public int x = 56; ...
Read MoreHow to use NameValueCollection class in C#?
The NameValueCollection sets more than one value for a single key. Now let us see how to use them in our C# program.Set the collection −static NameValueCollection GetCollection() { NameValueCollection myCollection = new NameValueCollection(); myCollection.Add("Tim", "One"); myCollection.Add("John", "Two"); myCollection.Add("Jamie", "Three"); return myCollection; }Now with the GetCollection() method use the “AllKeys” method property to display all the keys −NameValueCollection myCollection = GetCollection(); foreach (string key in myCollection.AllKeys) { Console.WriteLine(key); }
Read MoreWhat are finalizers in C#?
Finalizers in C# are used to destruct instances of classes. With that, you can also use it to release resources.Here are some of the key points about Finalizers −Only one finalizer is allowed for a classYou cannot inherit or overload FinalizersA finalizer cannot have parametersFinalizers invoke automaticallyFinalizers in C# are declared like destructors. Let’s say the class name is Demo, therefore, the following would be our finalizer −~Demo() { // }The finalizer declaration is prefixed with a tilde before the class name.
Read MoreWhat are reference data types in C#?
The reference data type in C# does not have the actual data stored in a variable, but they contain a reference to the variables.In C#, the following are the built-in reference types −Object TypeThe Object Type is the ultimate base class for all data types in C# Common Type System (CTS). The object types can be assigned values of any other types, value types, reference types, predefined or user-defined types.Exampleobject ob; ob = 250; // boxingDynamic TypeStore any type of value in the dynamic data type variable. Type checking for these types of variables takes place at run-time.Exampledynamic d = ...
Read MoreWhat are mixed arrays in C#?
Mixed arrays are a combination of multi-dimension arrays and jagged arrays.Note − The mixed arrays type is obsolete now since .NET 4.0 update removed it.Let us see how you can declare a mixed array −var x = new object[] {89, 45, "jacob", 9.8}We can also set them as −var x = new object[] {87, 33, "tim", 6.7, new List() {"football", "tennis", "squash", “cricket”} }Since, mixed arrays are obslete now. For the same work, use the List collection. Here, we have set int and string in the list −Tuple tuple = new Tuple(60, "John");The same example is displayed below:using System; using ...
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