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C++ Articles
Page 580 of 597
Inheritance and friendship in C++
In C++, the friendship is not inherited. It means that, if one parent class has some friend functions, then the child class will not get them as friend.In this example it will generate an error because the display() function is friend of MyBaseClass but not the friend of MyDerivedClass. The display() can access the private member of MyBaseClass.Example#include using namespace std; class MyBaseClass { protected: int x; public: MyBaseClass() { x = 20; } friend void display(); }; class MyDerivedClass : public MyBaseClass { private: int y; public: MyDerivedClass() { x = 40; } }; void display() { MyDerivedClass derived; cout
Read MoreHiding of all overloaded methods in base class in C++
In C++, we can use the function overloading techniques. But if some base class has one method in overloaded form (different function signature with the same name), and the derived class redefines one of the function which is present inside the base, then all of the overloaded version of that function will be hidden from the derived class.Let us see one example to get the clear idea.Example#include using namespace std; class MyBaseClass { public: void my_function() { cout
Read MoreFesetround() and fegetround() in C++
Here we will see the fesetround() and fegetround() method in C++. These methods can be found in the cfenv library.The fesetround() method is used to set the specified floating point rounding direction to the current rounding direction. This is used with rint(), nearbyint() and some other rounding functions in C++.The syntax is like below −int fesetround(int round);The round can be among these FE_TONEAREST, FE_DOWNWARD, FE_UPWARD etc. This function returns 0 when rounding direction is successfully applied to the required manner.Example#include #include #include using namespace std; main() { double x = 4.7, ans; fesetround(FE_TONEAREST); //round to ...
Read MoreListing modified, old and newly created files on Linux using C++
Here we will see how to list the modified files and old and newly created files on Linux platform using C++ program.The task is very simple. We can use the Linux shell command to get the files in desired order. The ls –l command is used to get all of the files in long listing format. Here we will add more options to sort them based on time. (Ascending and Descending). The –t command is used to sort based on time, and –r can be added to reverse the sequence.The command will be like below:ls –lt ls –ltrWe will use ...
Read MoreTemplate Specialization in C++
In C++, the templates are used to create generalized functions and classes. So we can use any type of data like int, char, float, or some user defined data also using templates.In this section, we will see how to use the template specialization. So now we can define some generalized template for different types of data. And some special template function for special type of data. Let us see some example to get better idea.Example Code#include using namespace std; template void my_function(T x) { cout
Read MoreWhat are all the common undefined behaviours that a C++ programmer should know about?
In C++, there are some undefined behaviors. These are identified by doing some tasks in C++. There are no such direct definitions. These few things should be known to all of the programmers, who want to use C++ for different purposes.Here we will see some C++ Codes. and try to guess the results. The codes will generate some runtime errors.The Divide By Zero error is undefined.Example Code#include using namespace std; int main() { int x = 10, y = 0; int z = x / y; cout
Read MoreC++ Program to Find the Number of Ways to Write a Number as the Sum of Numbers Smaller than Itself
In this program we will count the number of ways one number can be represented by sum of numbers smaller than itself. This program will count the partition of given numbers. We take a number n as input, then starting from a number break it by removing 1 at a time. If the new partition is generated, increase the counter.AlgorithmpartitionCount(n)Input : The number nOutput : The number of partitionsBegin Create array p of size n k := 0 count := -1 put n as the first element of array p Repeat the following steps, do ...
Read MoreHow do inline variables work in C++/C++17?
In C++, we can use the inline keyword for functions. In C++ 17 version, the inline variable concept has come.The inline variable is allowed to be defined in multiple translation units. It also follows the one definition rule. If this is defined more than one time, the compiler merges them all into a single object in final program.In C++ (before C++17 version), we cannot initialize the value of static variables directly in the class. We have to define them outside of the class.Example Code#include using namespace std; class MyClass { public: MyClass() { ...
Read MoreWhat is the precision of floating point in C++?
In C++, the size of the floating point number is either 4-byte or 8-bytes. So it can store up to few decimal places. For example, the 1/3 = 0.333333…… Up to infinity. If we store it inside floating type variable, then it will store some significant digits. The default value is 6. So normally floating point numbers in C++ can display up to 6 decimal places.We can change the size of the precision using setprecision. This is present inside the iomanip header file. Let us see one example to get the idea.Example Code#include #include using namespace std; int ...
Read MoreHidden features of C++
Here we will see some good features and tricks of C++ programming language that can help us in different area. Like if we want to participate in some competitive programming events, then these tricks will help us to reduce the time for writing codes. Let us see some of these examples one by one.Checking whether a number is odd or even without using % operator. This trick is simple. We can perform bitwise AND operation with the number and 1. If the result is non-zero then this is odd, otherwise this is even. The logic is too simple. All odd ...
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