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C++ Articles
Page 572 of 597
C++ program to read file word by word?
In this section we will see how we can read file content word by word using C++. The task is very simple. we have to use the file input stream to read file contents. The file stream will open the file by using file name, then using FileStream, load each word and store it into a variable called word. Then print each word one by one.Algorithmread_word_by_word(filename)begin file = open file using filename while file has new word, do print the word into the console done endFile Content (test_file.txt)This is a test file. There are ...
Read MoreC++ Programming Internals?
C++ Internals means how the working of C++ compiler compiling the .cpp code and giving us the output. C++ is a popular programming language mostly used for writing system software. It is an extension of the C programming language. C is a compiled language. The C++ compiler compiles C++ code to an object or executable file is generated. The executable or the binary files contains machine executable instructions and some metadata of the machine instructions.A typical way of compiling a C++ program is to run the compiler on C++ code. The compiler will generate machine instructions which are set of ...
Read MoreC++ Programming for Smallest K digit number divisible by X?
Smallest K digit number that divisible by X is found using the formula by checking divisible by X. The formula works in the following way −Compute minimum K digit number [min] for example: 10/100/1000 etc.Now find if min is divisible by X. if yes, then this is the answer.If not, then min+X - ([min+X]%k) is the answer.Example#include #include using namespace std; int main() { int X = 83; int K = 5; cout
Read MoreC++ Program for Zeckendorf's Theorem?
Here we will see how to check whether the given sum is found by adding some nonneighbouring Fibonacci numbers or not, if so, what are the numbers? For example if the give sum value is 10, this is sum of 8 and 2. Both 8 and 2 are Fibonacci terms and they are not adjacent. Let us see the algorithm to get the idea.AlgorithmnonNeighbourFibo(sum)Begin while sum > 0, do fibo := greatest Fibonacci term but not greater than sum print fibo sum := sum - fibo done EndExample#include using ...
Read MoreC++ Internals?
Here we will see the Class internals. Before that we will see Default constructors, which are related to internals. The default constructor is one constructor (defined by user or compiler) that does not take any argument. Now the question comes, why the default constructor is used?If the default constructor is not given, the compiler will implicitly declare default constructor. Default constructors are used to initialize some class internals. It will not affect the data member of the class. The compiler inserts default constructor in some different situations. Suppose a class is derived from another class with default constructor, or one ...
Read MoreWhat is NaN in C++?
The NaN is the abbreviation of Not a Number. It indicates undefined or non-representable floating point elements. One example of NaN is square root of some negative number, or result of 0/0.Example#include #include using namespace std; int main() { cout >> "Square root of -5: " >> sqrt(-5) >> endl; }OutputSquare root of -5: nan
Read MoreC++ Program to Implement Caesar Cypher
It is a mono-alphabetic cipher wherein each letter of the plaintext is substituted by another letter to form the ciphertext. It is a simplest form of substitution cipher scheme.This cryptosystem is generally referred to as the Shift Cipher. The concept is to replace each alphabet by another alphabet which is ‘shifted’ by some fixed number between 0 and 25.For this type of scheme, both sender and receiver agree on a ‘secret shift number’ for shifting the alphabet. This number which is between 0 and 25 becomes the key of encryption.The name ‘Caesar Cipher’ is occasionally used to describe the Shift ...
Read MoreC++ Program to Encode a Message Using Playfair Cipher
In this scheme, pairs of letters are encrypted, instead of single letters as in the case of simple substitution cipher.In playfair cipher, initially a key table is created. The key table is a 5×5 grid of alphabets that acts as the key for encrypting the plaintext. Each of the 25 alphabets must be unique and one letter of the alphabet (usually J) is omitted from the table as we need only 25 alphabets instead of 26. If the plaintext contains J, then it is replaced by I.The sender and the receiver deicide on a particular key, say ‘tutorials’. In a ...
Read MoreC++ Program to Decode a Message Encoded Using Playfair Cipher
In this scheme, pairs of letters are encrypted, instead of single letters as in the case of simple substitution cipher.In playfair cipher, initially a key table is created. The key table is a 5×5 grid of alphabets that acts as the key for encrypting the plaintext. Each of the 25 alphabets must be unique and one letter of the alphabet (usually J) is omitted from the table as we need only 25 alphabets instead of 26. If the plaintext contains J, then it is replaced by I.The sender and the receiver deicide on a particular key, say ‘tutorials’. In a ...
Read MoreC++ Program to Perform Sorting Using B-Tree
Here we will see how to get the sorted sequence using B-Tree. The B-tree is n-ary tree. To get the sorted sequences, we can create a B-tree, then add the numbers into it. Here the B-tree can hold maximum 5 nodes. If number of nodes increases, split the node and form new level. As the nodes are holding few number of elements like 5 (at most), we are using Bubble sorting techniques to sort them. as the number of elements is very low, then it will not affect too much on its performance.After traversing the tree, we will get all ...
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