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C++ Articles
Page 340 of 597
Swap all odd and even bits using C++
We can swap all odd and even bits in a given integer. Swapping of odd and even bits means changing the bits present at odd positions with the bits at even positions in a binary representation of a number. One real-life application is optimizing data storage or modifying data patterns in memory. In this article, we are going to learn how we can swap all odd and even bits of a number in C++ using different approaches. Formula for Swapping Odd and Even Bits Extract all even-positioned bits using a bit mask and shift ...
Read MoreC++ Program to Generate Random Numbers Using Probability Distribution Function
The probability density function (pdf) is a function that describes the relative likelihood for this random variable to take on a given value. It is also called as density of a continuous random variable. The probability of the random variable fall within a particular range of values is given by the integral of this variable's density over that range, So, it is given by the area under the density function but above the horizontal axis and between the lowest and greatest values of the range. Probability Distribution is based upon this probability density function. In this article, we will generate ...
Read MoreC++ Program to Generate Random Numbers Using Middle Square Method
The middle-square method is one of the simplest methods of generating random numbers. This method will either begin repeatedly generating the same number or cycle to a previous number in the sequence and loop indefinitely. For a generator of n-digit random numbers, the period can be no longer than the specified n(number of digits). If the middle n digits are all zeroes, the generator then generates zeroes forever. In this article, we will implement a C++ program to generate ten 4-digits random number using the middle-square method. Steps for Middle-Square Random Number Generation The steps for generating random numbers ...
Read MoreCan namespaces be nested in C++?
Yes, the namespace can be nested in C++. We can define one namespace inside another namespace. This makes it easier for developers to design a more structured and hierarchical format for their code. Syntax The following is the syntax as below : namespace namespace_name1 { // code declarations namespace namespace_name2 { // code declarations } } You can access members of a nested namespace by using resolution operators as follows: // to access members of namespace_name2 ...
Read MorePointers vs References in C++
In C++, both pointers and references are used to access and manipulate memory. But they behave differently. This guide explains each with simple words and examples. We understand the topic by learning how each is declared, used, and what differences exist between them. What are C++ Pointers? The pointers are used to store the address of a variable. We can change what they pointing to, and also can assign NULL to them. A pointer is similar to a signpost that contains the memory address of another variable, and you can directly access or change the variable by its address. Syntax ...
Read MoreWhat is the proper declaration of main in C++?
The main() function is the entry point of every C++ program where execution begins. It is invoked automatically when the program is executed. The main() function returns the execution status to the operating system (indicating whether the program executed successfully or not). You can also use optional command-line arguments, argc and argv, to pass values to the program. Declaration /Prototype of main() The standard prototype of main() function is as follows: int main() { body } Or, int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { body } Here, argc : Number of arguments passed to the program from the environment ...
Read MoreHow to call a parent class function from derived class function in C++?
In the OOPs concept of C++, the parent class represents the root of the hierarchy while the derived class is inherited from the parent class. The derived class is presented using the scope resolution operator (::). The derived class is also known as the child class or subclass. What is Parent Class? The parent class is also called a base class used to design the structure of variable and function initialization based on access specifiers (private, public, and protected). Syntax Following is the syntax of parent class in C++: class ParentClass { // Access specifiers: ...
Read MoreStrand sort in C++
In C++, the strand sort is a recursive sorting algorithm. It is used to extract increasing subsequences repeatedly (called strands) from the input list and merge them into a sorted list. There are multiple libraries that can be used for different purposes. This sorting is one of them. This sorting technique is particularly good for sorting linked lists, but can be used with arrays too. The following is a list of approaches for strand sorting in C++: These approaches is to extract sorted strands (in increasing/descending order) from the unsorted list and merge them one by one into a final ...
Read MoreC++ Program to Find Factorial of Large Numbers
A factorial of a number defines the non-negative integer say n that calculate the product of a number by every positive integer until it reaches 1. The symbol of factorial is (!). Mathematically, it is represented by: n! = n x (n-1) x (n-2) x ... x 1 For eg. factorial of an integer 30! = 265252859812191058636308480000000. 30! = 30x29x28x27x26x25x24x23x22x21x20x19x18x17x16x15x14x13x12x11x10x9x8x7x6x5x4x3x2x1 A non-negative integer is defined by any whole number that is 0 or positive (not a fraction or decimal). What is Large Number? In context of calculating the factorial number, the large number denotes the n value ...
Read MoreExtract all integers from string in C++
In this article, we will discuss how to extract all the integers from a string using C++ program. We will explore all the possible approaches to do so. First of all, let's understand the problem statement. We have a string that contains a mix of digits and non-digits. We need to extract all the integers from the string and store them in a vector. The integers can be positive or negative. For example, // Input String string str = "ab24wj-123fow" // Output Vector vector vec = {24, -123} Approaches to Extract Integers from String ...
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