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Python has extensive availability of various libraries and functions which make it so popular for data analysis. We may get a need to sum the values in a single column for a group of tuples for our analysis. So in this program we are adding all the values present at the same position or same column in a series of tuples.It can be achieved in the following ways.Using for loop and zipUsing the for loop we loop through each item and apply zip function to gather the values from each column. Then we apply the sum function and finally get ... Read More
Pandas is a python library offering many features for data analysis which is not available in python standard library. One such feature is the use of Data Frames. They are rectangular grids representing columns and rows. While creating a Data frame, we decide on the names of the columns and refer them in subsequent data manipulation. But there may be a situation when we need to change the name of the columns after the data frame has been created. In this article, we will see how to achieve that.Using rename()This is the most preferred method as we can change both ... Read More
Finding maximum and minimum values from a given list of values is a very common need in data processing programs. Python has these two functions which handle both numbers and strings. We will see both the scenarios in the below examples.Numeric ValuesWe take a list of numeric values which has integers and floats. The functions work appropriately to give both the max and the min values.Example Live Demox=[10, 15, 25.5, 3, 2, 9/5, 40, 70] print("Maximum number is :", max(x)) print("Minimum number is :", min(x))OutputRunning the above code gives us the following result:Maximum number is : 70 Minimum number is : ... Read More
For the purpose of data encapsulation, most object oriented languages use getters and setters method. This is because we want to hide the attributes of a object class from other classes so that no accidental modification of the data happens by methods in other classes.As the name suggests, getters are the methods which help access the private attributes or get the value of the private attributes and setters are the methods which help change or set the value of private attributes.Accessing Private AttributeBelow we write code to create a class, initialize it and access it variables without creating any additional ... Read More
Fractal patterns are all around us in nature. Like a small branch taken out of the leaf of a fern leaf resembles the leaf itself. Or a pebble often resembles the shape of a mountain! So this idea of a repetition of small pattern to generate a large pattern is known as a fractal tree. In python programming we can also generate fractal trees by using various modules available.Using pygame ModuleThis module provides us with the required functions to generate the fractal trees. Here we first defines the screen layout size and then define the deepness up to which the ... Read More
In this article we will see how to take a list which contains some odd numbers as its elements and then add those odd elements repeatedly into the same list. Which means if odd number is present twice in a list then after processing the odd number will be present four times in that same list.For this requirement we will have many approaches where we use the for loop and the in condition or we take help of of itertools module. We also check for the odd condition by dividing each element with two.Example Live Demofrom itertools import chain import numpy ... Read More
When using Python for data manipulation we frequently and remove elements from list. There are methods which can do this effectively and python provides those function as part of standard library as well as part of external library. We import the external library and use it for this addition and removal of elements. Below we will see two such approaches.Using + operatorExample Live Demovalues = ['Tue', 'wed', 'Thu', 'Fri', 'Sat', 'Sun'] print("The given list : " ,values) #here the appending value will be added in the front and popping the element from the end. result = ['Mon'] + values[:-1] print("The values ... Read More
The full form of ECMA is European Computer Manufacturer's Association. ECMAScript is a Standard for scripting languages such as JavaScript, JScript, etc. It is a trademark scripting language specification. JavaScript is a language based on ECMAScript. A standard for scripting languages like JavaScript, JScript is ECMAScript. JavaScript is considered as one of the most popular implementations of ECMAScript.ECMAScript 6 is working fine on web browsers like Chrome, Microsoft Edge, Safari, etc:90% compatibility – Chrome 80% compatibility - Microsoft Edge54% compatibility – SafariUse ES6 using Babale pre-processor, which cross-compile JavaScript back to ECMAScript 5 compatible code.Here are features of ECMAScript 6:Arrow FunctionsDeclare ... Read More
Tkinter is a python library to make GUIs. It has many built in methods to create and manipulate GUI windows and other widgets to show the data and GUI events. In this article we will see how the after method is used in a Tkinter GUI.Syntax.after(delay, FuncName=FuncName) This method calls the function FuncName after the given delay in milisecondDisplaying WidgetHere we make a frame to display a list of words randomly. We use the random library along with the after method to call a function displaying a given list of text in a random manner.Exampleimport random from tkinter import * ... Read More
In addition to python’s own libraries, there are many external libraries created by individual authors which do a great job of creating additional features in python. Xlsx library is one such library which not only creates excel files containing data from python programs but also creates charts.Creating Pie ChartIn the below example we will create a pie chart using the xlsxwriter writer. Here we first define a workbook then add a worksheet to it in the next step we define the data and decide on the columns where the data will be stored in an excel file based on those ... Read More