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Sometimes we want to convert a column of an R data frame to binary column using 0 and 1, it is especially done in situations where we have some NAs in the column of the data frame and the other values can be converted to 1 due to some characteristics. To replace NA with 0 and other values to 1, we can use ifelse function.Example1 Live DemoConsider the below data frame −x1
If we have two plots generated by using ggplot2 and arranged in a list then we can create them using ggarrange function. For example, if we have two objects p1 and p2 that are stored in the list called named as LIST then those plots can be created in the plot window by using the command ggarrange(plotlist=LIST,widths=c(2,1),labels=c("Scatter","Hist"))ExampleConsider the below data frame − Live Demoset.seed(21) x
The set.seed helps to create the replicate of the random generation. If the name of the object changes that does not mean the replication will be changed but if we change the position then it will. Here, in the below example x4 in the first random generation and the x_4 in the second random generation with the same set.seed are same but x4 and x4 in both are different.Example Live Demoset.seed(101) x1
To find the least number of arguments a function expects while using in R can be done with the help of the syntax: length(formals(“function_name”)). For example, to find the number of arguments expected by mutate function of dplyr package can be calculated by using the command length(formals(mutate)) but we need to make sure that the package is loaded.Examples Live Demolibrary(ggplot2) length(formals(ggplot))Output[1] 4 length(formals(boxplot)) [1] 2 length(formals(qnorm)) [1] 5 length(formals(rnorm)) [1] 3 length(formals(rpois)) [1] 2 length(formals(runif)) [1] 3 length(formals(punif)) [1] 5 length(formals(plot)) [1] 3 length(formals(pbinom)) [1] 5 length(formals(qbinom)) [1] 5 length(formals(hist)) [1] 2 length(formals(data)) [1] 7 length(formals(matrix)) [1] 5 length(formals(list)) [1] 0 ... Read More
To find the extremes of a data frame column that is numeric can be done with the help of min and max function but if we want to get the same in single line code then range function can be used. If there are some infinity values in the column then range.default function will be used as shown in the below example.Example Live DemoConsider the below data frame −set.seed(214) x1
To display the star for significance in a base R boxplot, we can use text function. The text function will be helpful in defining the star sign (that is asterisk or *). If the significance is high then three stars are used and the significance is low then a single star is used. We need to use the appropriate position using x and y values.Example Live DemoConsider the below data frame −x
The creation of stacked bar plot using ggplot2 can be done with the help of position="stack" argument inside geom_bar function. If we want to create the stacked bar plot then geom_text function will be used with the same position argument and the aes to define the labels as shown in the below example.Example Live DemoConsider the mtcars data −head(mtcars)Outputmpg cyl disp hp drat wt qsec vs am gear carb Mazda RX4 21.0 6 160 110 3.90 2.620 16.46 0 1 4 4 Mazda RX4 Wag 21.0 6 160 110 3.90 2.875 17.02 0 1 4 4 Datsun 710 22.8 4 108 93 3.85 2.320 18.61 1 1 4 1 Hornet 4 Drive 21.4 6 258 110 3.08 3.215 19.44 1 0 3 1 Hornet Sportabout 18.7 8 360 175 3.15 3.440 17.02 0 0 3 2 Valiant 18.1 6 225 105 2.76 3.460 20.22 1 0 3 1Example Live Demodf
An interface in Java is similar to class but, it contains only abstract methods and fields which are final and static.Since Java8 static methods and default methods are introduced in interfaces. Unlike other abstract methods these are the methods can have a default implementation. If you have default method in an interface, it is not mandatory to override (provide body) it in the classes that are already implementing this interface.In short, you can access the default methods of an interface using the objects of the implementing classes.ExampleLive Demointerface MyInterface{ public static int num = 100; public default ... Read More
To save a plot in pdf, we can use the pdf function in base R. For example, if we want to save a plot with the name PDF then it can be done using the below command −pdf("PDF.pdf")After this we can create the plot and use dev.off().Examplepdf("pdfExample.pdf") plot(1:10)OutputExample Live Demodev.off()OutputTo check where it is saved, find the working directory using getwd().
We know that positive values are greater thandf1$x[which(df1$x>0)]Example1 Live Demoset.seed(254) x