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To create boxplot for categories with grey color palette using ggplot2, we can follow the below steps −First of all, create a data frame.Then, create the boxplot for categories with default color of bars.Create the boxplot for categories with color of bars in grey palette.Create the data frameLet's create a data frame as shown below − Live DemoGroup
Finance functions are divided into two broad functions − Long-term decisions and Short-term decisions. Long-term decisions are applicable to a tenure of more than one year, while short-term decisions are meant for one year or less.Note − Finance functions or decisions are broadly divided into long-term and short-term decisions.Long-term DecisionsLong-term Decisions include: Investment Decision, Financing Decision, and Dividend Decision.Investment DecisionA company's investment decision must consider long-term budgeting or capital expenditure. This decision, therefore, is known as a capital budgeting decision. Capital budgeting consists of allocating the funds and investment decisions in general for future profits. The two major aspects of ... Read More
To create scatterplot for categories with grey color palette using ggplot2, we can follow the below steps −First of all, create a data frame.Then, create the scatterplot for categories with default color of points.Create the scatterplot for categories with color of points in grey palette.Create the data frameLet's create a data frame as shown below − Live Demox
To divide data frame row values by row sum in R, we can follow the below steps −First of all, create a data frame.Then, use apply function to divide the data frame row values by row sum.Create the data frameLet's create a data frame as shown below − Live Demox
To create stacked bar chart using ggvis, we can follow the below steps −First of all, create a data frame.Create the stacked bar chart with layer_bars function of ggvis package.Create the data frameLet's create a data frame as shown below − Live DemoGroup
Treasurers and Controllers are designations essentially related to the US and the UK corporate. In those markets, the roles and responsibilities are clearly defined. Although some Indian companies also have them, the number of such companies is very limited.The duties in the US contextThe major responsibility of the treasurer usually is to manage and look after the funds of the company. the duties of the treasurer include managing the cash flow, credit management, forecasting financial needs, and maintaining relationships with financial institutions, etc. the treasurer also looks after protecting securities and cash, etc.The duties of controllers include management and supervision ... Read More
The Time Value for Money is usually expressed by an interest rate that remains positive even without any risk. This rate is therefore called risk free rate. An individual or a company may agree to receive a payment if the risk-free rate is applied to his investment.For example, suppose an investor has invested INR 100 in a project and the risk-free rate is 5%. Now if he is offered INR 105 after one year, he may choose to receive the money later as he might consider the value of money received after one year equal to the money without a ... Read More
There are two types of assets associated with a company - Real Assets and Financial Assets. Real assets are needed to continue operations and financial assets are non-physical assets that can be converted to cash easily. Real assets are called real because they often have a real form that can be touched or felt. Financial assets on the other hand are mostly found only as records.Real Assets and Financial AssetsReal assets help companies to generate revenue and are important because they have an intrinsic value related to them. The intrinsic value depends on the substance and properties of the assets. ... Read More
Planning the future profits is a good decision because it keeps organizations away from overspending. Moreover, as earning profits is the ultimate aim of all companies, being able to foresee the profit is very valuable for a firm. However, it is easier said than done.Managers often have no control over future shocks and natural disasters.There are other factors that affect the organization's decisions too.Financial managers' duty is to calculate the profits after deduction or paying insurance for these risk factors.Note − The financial managers must be able to find the rate of future profit for the betterment of the financials ... Read More
Perpetuity is an annuity that lasts forever. It consists of several cash flows in a series where the period between two payments is equal. Moreover, in the case of perpetuity, the amount paid after each period remains the same. The periodic cash flows occurring in perpetuity are of utmost importance because they provide the structure of the perpetuity.Perpetuities are very common in finance. For example, if a government creates a fund for scholarships to girls paying INR 1 crore every quarter, it is perpetuity. Here the payments are fixed and will be made forever after a period of three months.Irredeemable ... Read More