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In this article, we will compare and contrast the various features of different types of light sources such as incandescent lamps, fluorescent lamps, sodium vapor lamps and mercury vapor lamps.Starting and StoppingIncandescent lamps have instantaneous start and they become momentarily off when the power supply cuts off.Fluorescent lamps have a reaction time of one second or a little more at the start. These lamps go off and restart when the power supply is restored.Sodium vapor lamps have a starting time of 5 to 8 minutes. These lamps turn off, when the supply goes off and cannot be restarted after the ... Read More
Arc WeldingA welding process in which an electric arc is used to produce heat to melt and join the metals is known as arc welding. In the arc welding, an AC or DC welding power supply is used to create the electric arc between a consumable or non-consumable electrode and the base material.Laser WeldingThe welding process in which a laser beam is used as the source of energy to melt the materials being joined is known as laser welding. It is a high energy density beam process, and can be used to join thick materials with deep and narrow weld.Hybrid ... Read More
What is Electrolysis?The process in which ionic substances are decomposed into simple substances by passing an electric current through them is known as electrolysis.In other words, the process based on the fact that electrical energy can produce chemical changes is known as electrolysis.Applications of ElectrolysisNowadays the electrolytic process is widely used in various industrial applications. The major applications of the electrolysis are given below.Extraction of Metal from their OresThe electrolytic process is used for extracting out the pure metal from their ores, this process is known as electro-extraction. In the electro-extraction, the metal ore is treated with strong acid or ... Read More
Light is the natural agent that simulates sight and makes the things visible. Light is also known as visible electromagnetic radiation as it is capable of causing a visual sensation and its wavelength varies from 380 nanometers to 780 nanometers.Characteristics of LightThe main characteristics of light are given as follows −Light is nothing but a form of energy produced by a luminous object.It is an electromagnetic radiation, thus it can travel through vacuum.In an optically homogeneous medium, light travels in a straight line.When light falls on a polished surface such as mirror or metal surface, it bounces back. This bouncing ... Read More
In Golang, we can use the binary operators "&" (AND) and "|" (OR) to convert strings from lowercase to uppercase and vice versa. Let's take a simple example and understand how to use these binary operators in Golang. Examplepackage main import "fmt" func main(){ fmt.Printf("Lowercase characters using OR operator: ") for ch:='A'; ch
Duration of FundsThe main difference between closed-ended and open-ended mutual funds is that the closed-ended funds are for a specific duration, while the open-ended funds have no specific duration.The investors in open-ended funds may join and leave the funds anytime they wish.In case of closed-ended funds, the investors must stay invested for a specific duration pre-set by the fund managers.Number of Outstanding SharesIn case of closed-ended funds, there is a fixed number of shares outstanding which are traded in the market. The markets may include the share markets or OTC (Over the Counter) markets. The price of the shares is ... Read More
There are many similarities between bonus shares and share splits.In both the cases, the total number of outstanding shares goes up.Share split and bonus shares both increase the good future outlook of the shares.A company issuing a bonus share or splitting its shares shows a kind of promise to the shareholders that the future of the company is healthy and there would be no issues with profitability in the future.However, there are differences in the way the bonus shares and the share splits are treated in accounting.In case of bonus shares, the reserves and surplus capital goes down due to ... Read More
We know that a company can raise funds from the capital markets by issuing shares to a number of shareholders. When a company offers the opportunity of investment to a select group of investors, it is known as private placement.Private placement is an alternative to an Initial Public Offering (IPO) for a company seeking to raise capital. In a private placement, the number of investment participants is limited to less than 50.Private placement is a popular way to resource funding by the companies in India. Let's check why companies prefer private placement as a source of funding.Less Stress of ComplianceThere ... Read More
Share split is a method of increasing the total outstanding number of shares in the market by decreasing the value of the share in a given proportion.Share split does not alter the total funds. It only decreases the par value of the shares.Share split is a matter of dividing the value of the shares in a proportionate manner and it is not a way to increase the value of the share in the market.Increases the Number of Outstanding SharesShare split affects the total number of outstanding shares in the market. For example, if stock of price Rs 10 has 1 ... Read More
The efficiency of a capital market is measured by the speed and disclosure of information in the market about the shares. The capital markets of advanced as well as some emerging markets are found to be fairly efficient. However, efficiency does not guarantee the fact that the market is perfect.In order to be considered as a perfect market, the following conditions must be satisfied.Absence of Entry BarrierIn order to be perfect, there should be no entry barrier in a capital market. Thereby, in a capital market, anyone can buy or sell shares without needing to fulfill any rules or regulations ... Read More