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Takeover is the process of acquiring a control over another business unit by controlling their assets, either directly or indirectly.Generally, takeovers are done by either hostile or friendly approach. They are common in larger business units and help the external growth of a business.ReasonsThe reasons for a takeover in a business are as follows −Market share.Increase intangible assets.Diversification.Decrease competition.TypesThe types of takeovers are as follows −Friendly takeover − Takeover is done after negotiations and agreements.Hostile takeover − Takeover is done by buying the required number of shares in a targeted company in an open market.Bailout takeover − Takeover is done ... Read More
Acquisition means one company takes control over another company by acquiring more than 50% of shares of the targeted company. Some of the reasons for acquisition are increased market share, diversification, cost reductions, etc.Acquisition structure is the organized framework for acquisition of a company. It considers both cash and non-cash (earn outs, equity rolled, take backs etc.).There are 3 types in acquisition structure, which is as follows −Stock purchase − Buys stocks from targeted companies' stockholders.Asset purchases − Buys only assets and liabilities mentioned in agreement.Merger.PurposeListed below are the purposes for an acquisition −Improve performance.Increase production by technology.Acquisition at early ... Read More
With change in market environments and evolving needs of customers, companies need to change their strategies and their dimensions to sustain and increase their market share.Merger is nothing but, when two companies combine to form a new company due to several reasons. The main motive is to expand their arms, explore new markets, increase their market share, decrease operational cost, etc.Terms used in merger are Acquiring Company and acquired company. Mergers can be done either by cash or by stock.In a cash merger, the acquiring company will pay in cash for the acquired company stocks.In a stock merger, the acquiring ... Read More
This book records the goods returned to suppliers. It is also called a purchase return day/ outward book. Goods return affects the companies' total purchases or accounts payable.Return outwards reduces business payables for suppliers and business expenses.Journal entryThe journal entry for a return outward book is as follows −Supplier's A/cDebitTo Return outwards A/cCreditHow it affects businessReduces accounts payables. Both sale return and purchase return are reversed and purchase or sale is nullified. These deductions are shown in the trading account. To these entries a separate book called "purchase returns book" is maintained.The return outward process is explained below with the ... Read More
Goods returned from customers are recorded in return inwards book.Return inwards reduces the business total accounts receivables. For business, return inwards decrease the revenue and for the customer, it decreases the receivables for business.Journal entryThe journal entry for a return inward book is as follows −Return inwards A/c To customers AcDebit CreditThe reasons for inward returns are as follows −Incorrect goods.Not the required quantity.Defective goods.Defects arose in the warranty period.Expired goods.AdvantagesThe advantages for the return inward book are as follows −Reason for return is known (like quantity, quality, value etc.)Obtain total amount of sale return.Reduces clerical work.Detects errors ... Read More
How many of us have once tried our hands on Twitter, but left it as soon as we joined just because we found it too confusing, with all that @s and # tags for everything. Like all that re-tweets and following you or you are following someone it feels so confusing. But now we have a solution for it.So, the good news is twitter has recently introduced a new feature which allows you to send private group messages to a browser near you. It is a simple as writing a tweet, hitting send and going on and on till your ... Read More
Books of accounts are defined as "a place where all financial information is related to a person or a business". Books of accounts are maintained under Income tax Act, companies Act 2013 and GST Act.Maintaining books of accounts is compulsory if the turnover/gross receipts/sales from profession or business is above Rs.2500000/-. As per rule 6F, cash books, ledgers, bills/receipts (Bills), journals and daily cash registers come under books of accounts.TypesThe two main types of the books of accounts are journal and ledger.Journal is sub classified into the following −Purchase Day book − Original book of entry which records credit purchases ... Read More
Petty cash books are small cash books which record day to day minor business expenditures. Minor business expenditures include newspaper, fuel, casual labour etc.The person who handles petty cash and their recordings is known as petty cashier. Petty cash books have both debit and credit side and it records all the receipts on the debit side and all payments on the credit side just like a general cash book.Maintaining petty cash booksPetty cash books are maintained using following systemsOpen/ordinary system − Chief cashier gives a lump sum amount to petty cashier for a fixed time and after that fixed period ... Read More
HTML5, the latest and popular web designing language, has suddenly took the designing world with a wave. Earlier we had HTML and now there is HTML5. However, if we look at the major difference between the both, we figure out that the one thing, which actually makes HTML5 different and better than HTML is the Responsiveness.Responsiveness of a webpage means the output or response received from the web page after it is loaded on the browser as per the medium.With HTML, there used to be many limitations, which arises the need for a new version. The web designers were not ... Read More
Inflation has hit many areas of in the lives of the people. Each and every product from electronics to grocery has hit skyrocket price. Hence, there is always a burden on each individual as the expenditure is on the higher side leaving no scope for savings. People are often in a fix on how to save sufficiently each month.Here are some methods that can help in increasing the monthly savings:Spend only on NecessitiesThe excessive expenditure often happens when the individual is keener to spend on luxury items than the necessities. These luxury items pinch your pockets and often need to ... Read More