C Program to represent a multiplication table.

In C programming, a multiplication table displays the products of numbers in a systematic grid format. This program creates a 12x10 multiplication table where each row represents multiples of a number from 1 to 12.

Syntax

for(int i = 1; i <= rows; i++) {
    for(int j = 1; j <= columns; j++) {
        printf("%4d", i * j);
    }
    printf("<br>");
}

Method 1: Using Do-While Loops

This approach uses nested do-while loops where the outer loop controls rows (1 to 12) and inner loop controls columns (1 to 10) −

#include <stdio.h>
#define COLMAX 10
#define ROWMAX 12

int main() {
    int row, column, y;
    row = 1;
    
    printf(" MULTIPLICATION TABLE <br>");
    printf("-----------------------------------------<br>");
    
    do {
        column = 1;
        do {
            y = row * column;
            printf("%4d", y);
            column = column + 1;
        }
        while (column <= COLMAX);
        printf("<br>");
        row = row + 1;
    }
    while (row <= ROWMAX);
    
    printf("-----------------------------------------<br>");
    return 0;
}

 MULTIPLICATION TABLE 
-----------------------------------------
   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9  10
   2   4   6   8  10  12  14  16  18  20
   3   6   9  12  15  18  21  24  27  30
   4   8  12  16  20  24  28  32  36  40
   5  10  15  20  25  30  35  40  45  50
   6  12  18  24  30  36  42  48  54  60
   7  14  21  28  35  42  49  56  63  70
   8  16  24  32  40  48  56  64  72  80
   9  18  27  36  45  54  63  72  81  90
  10  20  30  40  50  60  70  80  90 100
  11  22  33  44  55  66  77  88  99 110
  12  24  36  48  60  72  84  96 108 120
-----------------------------------------

Method 2: Using For Loops

A more concise approach using for loops for better readability −

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    printf(" MULTIPLICATION TABLE <br>");
    printf("-----------------------------------------<br>");
    
    for(int i = 1; i <= 12; i++) {
        for(int j = 1; j <= 10; j++) {
            printf("%4d", i * j);
        }
        printf("<br>");
    }
    
    printf("-----------------------------------------<br>");
    return 0;
}

 MULTIPLICATION TABLE 
-----------------------------------------
   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9  10
   2   4   6   8  10  12  14  16  18  20
   3   6   9  12  15  18  21  24  27  30
   4   8  12  16  20  24  28  32  36  40
   5  10  15  20  25  30  35  40  45  50
   6  12  18  24  30  36  42  48  54  60
   7  14  21  28  35  42  49  56  63  70
   8  16  24  32  40  48  56  64  72  80
   9  18  27  36  45  54  63  72  81  90
  10  20  30  40  50  60  70  80  90 100
  11  22  33  44  55  66  77  88  99 110
  12  24  36  48  60  72  84  96 108 120
-----------------------------------------

Key Points

• The outer loop runs 12 times (for rows 1 to 12)
• The inner loop runs 10 times for each row (for columns 1 to 10)
• Format specifier %4d ensures proper alignment with 4-character width
• Both do-while and for loop approaches produce identical results

Conclusion

Creating multiplication tables in C demonstrates the power of nested loops. The for loop approach is generally preferred for its cleaner syntax and better readability.