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What is a waveguide and what are its types?
Generally, if the frequency of a signal or a particular band of signals is high, the bandwidth utilization is high as the signal provides more space for the other signals to get accumulated. But the high-frequency signals can’t travel long distances without getting attenuated. We have studied the transmission lines that help the signals to travel longer distances.
A Waveguide
Microwaves propagate through microwave circuits, components and devices, which act as a part of Microwave transmission lines, broadly called as Waveguides.
Definition
A hollow metallic tube of the uniform cross section for transmitting electromagnetic waves by successive reflections from the inner walls of the tube is called as a Waveguide.
A waveguide is generally preferred in microwave communications. A waveguide is a special form of a transmission line, which is a hollow metal tube. Unlike the transmission line, the waveguide has no center conductor.
The Main Characteristics of A Waveguide Are
- The tube wall provides distributed inductance
- The empty space between the tube walls provide distributed capacitance
- These are bulky, heavy, and expensive
Advantages of Waveguides
- Waveguides are easy to manufacture.
- They can handle very large power (in kilowatts)
- Power loss is very negligible in waveguides
- They offer very low loss ( low value of alpha-attenuation)
- The microwave energy when travels through the waveguide, experiences lower losses than a coaxial cable.
Types of Waveguides
There are five types of waveguides. They are:
- Rectangular waveguide
- Circular waveguide
- Elliptical waveguide
- Single ridged waveguide
- Double ridged waveguide
The above shown are the types of waveguides which are made hollow in the center and made up of copper walls. These have a thin lining of Au or Ag on the inner surface.
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