Reign of Mongols

Introduction

The Mongol empire was created in the 13th century, it is said to be one of the greatest Eurasian empires of all time. Genghis khan founded the Mongol empire. It was the largest empire to ever exist in history in terms of the land area acquired. Given their barbaric nature, they made sure that nobody does to go against the ruler. In this tutorial we will talk about how some tribes and nomadic people went on to rule the world, and become one of the strongest and largest ruling dynasties to ever exist in the world, we will also learn about their various Conquests or Achievements Of Mongols and of their glorious victory march ended and what led to the downfall of the Great Mongol Empire.

Origin of the Mongol Empire

• The Mongol empire Originated in Present day Mongolia. Genghis khan became the founder of the Mongol empire. When he was elected as head of the tribe federation. Until 1206 Genghis Khan was just a tribal leader who was fighting for power and Authority in Southeast of lake Baikal and in the steppe regions southeast.

• The federation not only included Mongol tribes but Also had people from other Turkic tribes.

• He acquired complete power in What is known as present-day Mongolia after he defeated the kereit and Naiman Turk. After these victories, the victory campaign of Genghis Khan and Mongol empire started.

Conquest and Achievements of Mongols

• The first attack of the Mongols led by Genghis Khan was over the Tengut kingdom of China, and later more attacks in the Chinese subcontinent followed, by the end of the year 1225 fall of Beijing marked the starting of Mongol Reign in china. Jin Empire which was a prominent leadership in china was reduced to by just being a buffer state. The Kara - khitai State in the east of Turkistan also became a part of the Mongol empire.

• Away between the sultanate of Khwarezm (Khiva) and Mongols emerged after the murder of some Muslim subjects of Genesis khan in Otran. These events occurred from (1219-1225). This invasion Caused the Khwarazm region to suffer for Centuries. It not only destroyed the once prosperous Cities and towns but also broke down the traditional irrigation System which was the most important part of the agriculture system in those days.

• By the year 1223 the Mongols had already invaded the Cities of Crimea and the Southern part of Russia.

• And by the year 1227, the Mongols dominated vast regions including China, Tibet, Siberia, Hungary and more. The Mongol empire comprised people belonging to different religions, beliefs and Civilizations.

Mongols

John Thomson, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

The downfall of the Mongol Empire

There were a number of factors that contributed towards the downfall of Mongol Empire

• Failure to have strong successive rulers.

• Local taxpayers were unhappy with the fact that the elite Mongols were exempted from paying taxes.

• Another reason was that the enemies of the Mongols had adapted to the weapons, techniques and war tactics used by the Mongols themselves.

• Rivarly among the family members of the King and friction amongst the army were some of the reasons for the downfall of the Mongols.

A recreation of a warrior from the Mongol empire on horseback. (The Art Science Museum, Singapore)

William Cho, CC BY-SA 2.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0>, via Wikimedia Commons

• After the death of Kublai in 1294. The Mongol Empire broke up. Most of his successors were not capable of ruling and no one was powerful enough compared to Kublai. Disagreements regarding the inheritance of the throne also became a major reason for the decline of the Mongol Dynasty.

• The section that endured the Mongol empire for the longest time was called the Golden Hord but after the spread of black death and murder of one of its King, the decrease of Golden Hord had already started. And, it finally broke into numerous smaller nations.

• The Mongols were effective conquerors but poor at running their governments. Following Genghis's death, his empire was split between his four sons and one of his wives. It remained in this form for one generation before being further divided among Genghis's descendants. At this point, the empire started to disintegrate. By the time Kublai Khan took over a significant chunk of eastern Asia, the Mongol "heartland" in Central Asia was no longer under their hands.

• Internal strife split the Mongol Dynasty, reducing the power of mighty Mongols' army in Inner Asia as the rule of the Chinggis successors waned and ancient tribal differences reappeared. However, till the end of the nineteenth century, the strategies and tactics of the Mongol fighter were still useful. However, the increasing usage of guns by the Manchu forces from the late 17th Century reduced the efficacy of mounted fighters of the Mongol Empire.

Conclusion

The Mongol Empire was built by the unification of Nomads and tribal people of the Asian Steppes. Mongol Empire consisted of one of the most dangerous and brutal armies. The Soldiers were fast and had highly coordinated war Skills which helped them rule over Asia from China to Korea. The victory march of Mongols was unstoppable as their military consisted of highly skilled Horseman and archers. Even the Armies of countries like Russia, Iran, and Hungary could not defeat the Mongol Army. Later on, the Mongols started converting from their traditional Shamanism to Tibetan Buddhism or Islam. This showed that Mongols were not able to retain not only their cultural identity but they were also losing their Military powers. Mongols might not be famous for building enduring architectural marvels but Mongols conquered the worlds of East and West through the formation of extended trade routes and the movement of missionaries.

FAQs

Q1. When was Genghis Khan Born and what was his childhood name?

Ans. He was born in 1162 CE and his childhood name was Temujin

Q2. What is meant by the term Barbarian?

Ans. The word barberin finds its origin from a Greek word barbara's meaning of which was the known Greek. The children who Couldn't Speak or reason appropriately were given this name

Q3. What is the Most trust-worthy account of Mongols?

Ans. The most trustworthy account of Mongols is " The secret history Of Mongols" Which was written by Igor- de - RachewiItz.

Q4 What was the Process that Mongols followed to dispose of dead bodies?

Ans . They would perform the final rites on the body after sunset and bury it in a location pre-selected by those involved.

Q5. Give a brief description of the Mongol Army?

Ans. A Mongol army was made up of people from various tribes. In it, Genghis Khan also included people from several regions subordinate to him. The Kereyits and Ueghuru were also part of the Mongol army.