Proline

Introduction

Proline comprises with carboxyl and imine functional groups and it can also be called an amino acid. It is one of the most important amino acids that have several functions. It helps in maintaining blood pressure as well as forming collagen in humans. It can be incorporated into a protein molecule and is also called a critical component.

Information regarding proline

Proline is also called as L-proline and it falls under the category of non-essential amino acids. It mainly lies in the form of transparent crystals in nature. This kind of amino acid belongs to the imine functional groups.

Figure 1 − Proline 3D ball presentation

It is also called a part of the twenty most essential amino acids”. The presence of primary amine on glutamated carbon of semialdehyde creates a base of Schiff which helps in reduction of the aldehyde and finally proline is synthesized.

Proline contains the group of a secondary amine which form ring like struture. Proteins contained proline is secondary structure in nature.

Structure of proline

Proline molecular formula is $\mathrm{C_{5}H_{9}NO{2}}$ and IUPAC name is Pyrolidine-2-carboxylic acid. Its molecular mass is 115.13 g/mol. It forms a secondary amino acid called imino group.

Figure 2 − Proline structure

Paginazero,at, Italian Wikipedia, Amminoacido prolina formula,marked as public domain, more details on,wikimedia Commons

The ring of this group consists of five members. The absence of alpha hydrogen in this molecule is the reason of not to forming any kind of hydrogen bond. This is the reason behind destabilization of secondary structure of a protein.

In secondary structure of alpha-helix bonds are not able in creating this helix. Normally it is said that the first residue of alpha helix lies towards the edge strands of beta sheet. That is the reason the molecules of amino acid are mainly presented by the solvent molecules.

Synthesis of proline

Proline contains a carbon-nitrogen double bond. It can be synthesised very smoothly from the Glutamic acid. The γ-carboxyl group mainly hydrolysed into the aldehyde” and then formed to glutamate semialdehyde. Later it reacts with the group of “α-amino” that makes a Schiff base. Therefore it is called that the “Schiff base” helps in generating the proline. The presentation of a box can help in understanding the physical properties very well −

Mass of proline	115.13g/mol
The chemical formula	$\mathrm{C_{5}H_{9}NO_{2}}$
Melting point	205-228 °C
Appearance in forms	White crystals

Table 1 − Physical properties of proline

Properties of Proline

Proline consists of different properties and it shows that nitrogen atom within a peptide consisting with proline is not connected to the hydrogen. This is the reason it creates an influence on peptide bond’s susceptibility. The properties are described below −

• It helps in giving signals to the biosystem and they are called aliphatic and hydrophobic.

• The proline forms peptides and they are involved in the biological process” Regulation of proline generation ocurred through amino-peptidase P, , and prolidase enzyme.

• The protease enzyme of HIV-I helps in generating the bond of Xaa-Pro peptide.

• It can also help to form the process of different components that are critical.

• The solution of proline also shows the presence of strong hydrogen bonding with water.

Uses of proline

There are various uses of proline and used for maintaining blood pressure, formation of collagen, preventing arteriosclerosis, as well as repairing the tissues. It is presented that proline amino acids mainly act as glutamic acid’s precursor. This factor is mainly connected to forming essential compounds.

Figure 3 − Applications of proline

The compounds are presented here are: gamma-aminobutyric acid, glutamine, and glutathione. This compound is very flexible and it can be converted to hydroxyproline. It can also be incorporated into the molecule of protein and become the reason of acting like collagen’s critical component. It also helps in treating damages as well as for the treatment of vertebra and joints.

It is called the L-Proline and this proline can oxidise within the human kidney. It helps in producing the L-Glutamic acid that assists in fighting the chordae as well as arthrosis. This compound is also found in different dietary supplements and it is found in the form of crystalline Proline.

Conclusion

This tutorial presents that proline is a molecule that also belongs to the family of amino acids. It consists of different properties and also has various applications. It is called the one of the most essential compounds for humans as it helps in repairing tissues. The structure of this molecule looks like a ring and it is also synthesised from Glutamic acid and it requires a carbon-nitrogen double bond.

FAQs

1. Is proline an amino acid?

Yes, proline is called an amino acid and within this compound, a sidechain bonding is found. It is bounded with the central carbon atom that helps proline in giving rigidity as well as in preventing the formation of secondary alpha-helix structure.

2. Can proline have a neutral charge?

It is seen that proline exists in the form of a neutral pH type in the environment. Its appearance looks like the amino acids and both acid and amine group are present and that is the reason prolines exist in neutral dipolar ions.

3. How does the proline work?

It is used by the body for making proteins like collagen. This is also found in the joints proteins, bones, as well as skins. It is seen that proline is also connected to the general function of cells.