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Write about Nutrition.
Nutrition is the process of consuming foods to carry out vital functions of the body for survival.
Nutrients are the substances that provide nutrition to the living organisms for performing proper functions and growth.
There are two types of nutrition: Autotrophic nutrition and heterotrophic nutrition.
(1) In autotrophic nutrition, the organisms prepare their own food through the process of photosynthesis in the presence of sunlight, carbon-dioxide, water, minerals and pigment such as chlorophyll, phycocyanin, phycoerythrin etc.
Examples: Plants, blue green algae, few photosynthetic bacteria, etc.
(2) In heterotrophic nutrition, the organisms depends on autotrophic organisms for their nutrition.
Examples: Human beings, animals, birds, reptiles etc.
Heterotrophs are divided into three categories based on their mode of nutrition.
(i) Holozoic nutrition: It is the mode of nutrition that involves the ingestion, digestion, absorption and assimilation of solid and liquid food material to obtain nutrients.
(ii) Saprotrophic nutrition: In saprotrophic nutrition, the organisms feed on dead or decaying organic material by secreting enzymes on it and absorbing nutrients.
(iii) Parasitic nutrition: It is the mode of nutrition where an organism derives its nutrition by harming or damaging the other organism.
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