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What is the colour of the Substratum?
• Substratum or the C horizon is the lowermost layer of the soil just above the parent rock layer.
• Although substratum contributes to the formation of the top soil, the top soil can be a mixture of soil from different regions as wind, water and other media carry soil along with them and deposit it over an area.
• Thus, the top soil is not completely formed by substratum.
• It is generally reddish brown in colour due to the presence of oxides of Iron.
• The water that seeps through the top soil finally settles down in the substratum or the C horizon of the soil.
• Water cannot penetrate the layer of bed rock or the parent material beneath the substratum. So, the substratum forms the store of groundwater, one of the major sources of freshwater.
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