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What is acid, base, and salt?
Acids
• The substances that taste sour are called acid and their nature is acidic.
• The term acid is derived from a Latin word acere which means sour.
• An acid is a molecule or ion capable of donating a proton, or, alternatively, capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron pair.
• Acid turns blue litmus paper to red. Acid is a substance that contains hydrogen ion (H+).
• Acids do not give colour with phenolphthalein indicator and do not absorb carbon dioxide gas. Also, acids do not react with an ammonium salt.
• Natural Acids are the acids that occur in nature, such as, acids present in fruits.
• Acids are generally found in Vinegar, Curd, Spinach, lemons, Citrus fruits, Amla, Tamarind, grapes, unripe mangoes, Citrus fruits such as oranges, etc.
• Acids reacts with Bases to give Salt and Water
Acid + Base --> Salt + Water
Base
• Any class of compounds that form hydroxyl ions (OH) when dissolved in water is called Base.
• Its aqueous solutions react with acids to form salts.
• Acid + Base --> Salt + Water.
• Bases turn red litmus paper blue and have a pH greater than 7.
• Some of the common bases are NH4OH, NaOH, KOH.
• Bases are Bitter in taste.
• Bases are Odorless (except ammonia).
• Bases are slippery.
• Bases react with fats and oils.
• It gives pink colour with phenolphthalein.
Salt
• A neutralization reaction is when an acid and a base react to form water and a salt
• It involves the combination of H+ ions and OH- ions to generate water.
• When a solution is neutralized, it means that salts are formed from equal weights of acid and base.
• Acid + Base --> Salt + Water.
• Therefore salt is a combination of a metal ion and a non-metal ion.
• Eg: NaCl, KCl.
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