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What are viruses?
- Viruses are non-cellular beings that consist of a nucleic acid core (DNA or RNA) which is surrounded by a protein coat. The nucleic acid encodes the unique genetic information for each virus. The shape and size of viruses are determined by the amount and arrangement of the proteins and nucleic acid.
- They can be encoded in so many ways. For example, Rotaviruses are based on a double strand of RNA.
- Coronaviruses are based on a single strand of RNA, which is 'positive sense', as in it can be translated directly into new proteins whereas, Influenza has negative-sense RNA, which means it needs an extra transcribing step before it can make proteins.
- In DNA viruses, it forces the host to transcribe its genome into RNA on entry. For example -Smallpox and herpes viruses.
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- Making anti-viral drugs is more difficult than making anti-bacterial medicines because (a) viruses make use of host machinery(b) viruses are on the border line of living and non-living(c) viruses have very few biochemical mechanisms of their own (d) viruses have a protein coat
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- Viruses, which cause hepatitis, are transmitted through(a) air(b) water(c) food(d) personal contact
- Fill in the Blanks:Old organelles, viruses and bacteria that a cell can ingest are broken down in ..........
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