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What are cilia and flagella ? Write one similarity and one dissimilarity between the two of them.
Cilia are small hair-like structures present on the outer surface of a eukaryotic cell. They are used to move entire cells or substances along the outer surface of the cell.
For example, A unicellular animal Paramecium uses cilia to move food particles into its mouth.
The cilia of cells lining the fallopian tubes move the ovum towards the uterus.
Flagella is a whip-like structure that helps in the locomotion of a cell. It propels a cell through the liquid. Flagella are composed of flagellin protein. In some organisms, flagella act as sensory organs that sense a change in pH and temperature.
For example, flagella are found in gram-negative bacilli and in some species of Listeria and Enterococcus.
Similarity: Both, cilia and flagella are used for locomotion and thus propel a cell through the liquid.
Dissimilarity: Although cilia and flagella are structurally similar, they vary in their length and functions. Cilia are shorter and many in number while flagella are comparatively longer and very few in number on an individual cell.
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