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State the laws of refraction of light. Explain the term 'absolute refractive index of a medium' and write an expression to relate it with the speed of light in vacuum.
The law of reflection states that-
(i) The incident ray, the reflected ray, and the normal to the transparent surface at the point of incidence all lie in the same plane.
(ii) For a given pair of medium and for a given wavelength of light, the ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence in the first medium to the sine of the angle of refraction in the second medium is constant.
The second law is also known as Snell's Law.
Mathematically it can be written as:
$\frac {sin\ i}{sin\ r}=constant=^{A}{u}_{B}$
Here, $u$ is the refractive index of medium $B$ with respect to medium $A$.
"Absolute refractive index of a medium" is defined as the ratio of the speed of light in air or vacuum to the speed of light in the medium. It is denoted by $n$.
Expression to relate the absolute refractive index of a medium with the speed of light in vacuum is given below:
$n=\frac {c}{v}$
Here,
$c$ = speed of light in vacuum or air.
$v$ = speed of light in medium $B$.
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