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State differences between acids and bases.
The differences between acids and bases are as follows:-
BASIS FOR COMPARISON | ACIDS | BASES |
Arrhenius Concept | Acid is the substance when dissolved in water, increases the concentration of H+ ions. | The base is the substance when dissolved in water, increase the concentration of OH- ions. |
Bronsted-Lowry Concept | Acids are the proton donor. | Bases are the proton acceptor. |
Chemical formula | Such a compound whose chemical formula begins with H, for example, HCl (Hydrochloric acid), H3BO3 (Boric acid), CH2O3 (Carbonic acid). Although CH3COOH (Acetic acid) is an exception. | Such compounds whose chemical formula ends with OH, for example, KOH (Potassium hydroxide), NaOH (Sodium hydroxide). |
pH scale (concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution) | Less than 7. | Greater than 7. |
Physical Characteristics | Sour in taste. Gives a burning sensation. Acids are usually sticky Reacts with metals to produce hydrogen gas. | Bitter in taste. Odourless (except ammonia). Bases are slippery. Reacts with fats and oils. |
Phenolphthalein Indicator
Litmus test | It remains colourless.
Turns blue litmus paper to red. | It gives a pink colour.
Turns red litmus paper to blue. |
Strength
Dissociation when mixed with water | Depends on the concentration of hydronium ions.
Acids dissociate to give free hydrogen ions (H+) after mixing in water. | Depends on the concentration of hydroxide ions.
Bases dissociate to give free hydroxide ions (OH-) after mixing in water. |
| Examples | Hydrochloric acid (HCl), Sulphuric acid (H2SO4), Nitric acid (HNO3), Carbonic acid (H2CO3) | Ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH), Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), Sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
|
| Uses | Used as preservatives, fertilizers, as preservatives, used as carbonated drinks, processing leather, household cleaning, making sodas, flavour to food, etc. | Used in gastric medicine (antacid), soaps, detergents, cleanser, antiperspirant armpit deodorant, non-hazardous alkali to neutralise acidic wastewater, neutralise soil acidity. |
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