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State and explain Kepler’s laws of planetary motion. Draw diagrams to illustrate these laws.
Kepler's first law of planetary motion: According to Kepler's first law of motion every planet in the solar system moves around the sun in an elliptical path. This means that every planet moves in an elliptical orbit, not the circular orbit around the sun, and the sun is located at one foci of the elliptical path as shown in the diagram below.
Kepler's second law of planetary motion: Each planet revolves around the sun in such a way that the line joining the planet to the sun sweeps over equal areas in equal intervals of time. This means that the planet does not around the sun with constant speed. Its speed increases when it is nearer to the sun and its speed is less when the planet is far from the sun.
Kepler's third law of planetary motion: The cube of the mean distance of a planet from the sun is directly proportional to the square of the time it takes to move around the sun.
$r^3\propto T^2$
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