List the various components of soil.


Soil is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, liquids, and organisms that together support life.

Soil is formed from the breakdown of rocks into tiny pieces called sediments. 

The rocks are broken down through the process of weathering due to exposure to extreme temperature changes, windblown particles, precipitation and flowing water, and ice.

Soil are generally classified into the following:

  1. Clay Soil
  2. Sandy soil
  3. Loamy Soil
  4. Silt Soil

The four major components of soil are shown: inorganic minerals, organic matter, water, and air.

The amount of each of the four major components of soil depends on the quantity of vegetation, soil compaction, and water present in the soil.


Important properties of soil are given below:
Percolation Rate of Water: The amount of water drained through the water in unit time is known as the percolation rate of water in the soil. 
Percolation rate (mL/min) = Amount of water in mL/Time taken to percolate
The percolation rate of water in sandy soil is fastest and in clayey soil is slowest.
Moisture present in soil
Absorption of water
Soil contains air

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Updated on: 10-Oct-2022

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