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How to learn the periodic table?
The Periodic Table provides the names, atomic numbers, symbols and atomic weights of known elements. It serves as a great tool for solving chemistry problems.
A periodic table is divided into groups (columns), where elements with each group behave similarly while bonding with other elements; and periods (rows), where elements in one period have the same number of electron shells. The periodic table is important because it is organized to provide a great deal of information about elements and how they relate to one another in one reference. The table can be used to predict the properties of all the elements, even those that have not yet been discovered.
Earlier Mendeleev's Periodic Table was based on atomic mass but the Modern Periodic Table is based on atomic number.
In the modern periodic table, there are 22 non-metals in which there are 11 gases, 1 liquid and 10 solid. Consisting of the first two groups, S-block elements have quite similar physical and chemical properties. The valence electrons of the elements in this block occupy s-orbitals.
Group 1 is known as alkali metals. It includes Lithium (Li), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Rubidium (Ru), Caesium (Cs), and Francium (Fr).
Group 2 is known as alkaline earth metals. It includes Beryllium (Be), Magnesium (Mg), Calcium (Ca), Strontium (Sr), Barium (Br), and Radium (Ra).
Consisting of the last six groups of the periodic table (Groups 13 to 18), P-block elements have their valence electrons occupying p-orbitals. This block consists of non-metals, semi-metals and poor metals.
Group 13 is known as Boron group or the group of Icosagens or Triels. It includes Boron (B), Aluminium (Al), Gallium (Ga), Indium (In), and Thallium (Tl).
Group 14 is known as the Carbon group or the group of Crystallogens, Tetragens or Tetrels. It includes Carbon (C), Silicon (Si), Germanium (Ge), Tin (Sn), and Lead (Pb).
Group 15 is known as the group of Pnictogens or Nitrogen group. It includes Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Arsenic (As), Antimony (Sb), and Bismuth (Bi). Mnemonic for Group 15: Nahi Pasand Aise Sab Bhai.
Group 16 is known as the group of Chalcogens or Oxygen group. It includes Oxygen (O), Sulphur (S), Selenium (Se), Tellurium (Te), and the radioactive element Polonium (Po).
Group 17 is known as the group of Halogens. It includes Fluorine (F), Chlorine (Cl), Bromine (Br), Iodine (I), and Astatine (At).
Group 18 is known as the group of Noble gases, excluding Helium. Normally, they are all odourless and colourless gases with very low chemical reactivity. The group includes Helium (He), Neon (Ne), Argon (Ar), Krypton (Kr), Xenon (Xe), and the radioactive Radon (Rn).
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