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How can we find pH value?
The pH of a solution is a measure of the molar concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution and as such is a measure of the acidity or basicity of the solution.
The letters pH stand for "power of hydrogen" and the numerical value for pH is just the negative of the power of 10 of the molar concentration of H+ ions.
To calculate the pH of an aqueous solution you need to know the concentration of the hydronium ion in moles per litre (molarity).
The pH is then calculated using the expression: pH = - log [H3O+].
(Refer image for better understanding)
- The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14.
- A pH less than 7 is acidic in nature.
- A pH of 7 is neutral.
- A pH greater than 7 is basic in nature.
The pH of a solution decreases with an increase in temperature. This does not mean that the water becomes more acidic at higher temperatures.
A solution is considered acidic if there is an excess of hydrogen ions (H+) over hydroxide ions (OH-).