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How and where silk is made? Explain the different types of silk.
Silk is a natural fiber that is made by the silkworm ‘Cocoon’. As it’s a strong fiber, it is mainly used in the textile industry. The production of silk and rearing of silkworms is called sericulture.
It is known as ‘Resham’ in the northern part of India, and ‘Pattu’ in southern parts of India. The origin of silk production is China. According to native record, it existed from sometime before the middle of the 3rd millennium BCE.
There are four types of natural silk produced in India for commercial purposes.
These are known as Mulberry silk, Tasar silk, Muga silk, and Eri silk.
Among these four kinds, the mulberry silk contributes to more than 80% of the silk produced in the country, with the mulberry silkworm generally being regarded as the most important.
1. Tussar Silk, also known as Tassar Silk is an exquisite thread obtained from a wide-winged moth that is yellowish-brown in colour. The scientific name of these moths is Antheraea Paphia and they are a part of the group known as Emperor Moths or Saturnids. They are made from silk that is produced from silkworms that breed on wild forest trees, not mulberry trees. It is cheaper than mulberry silk.
2. Muga silk is a variety of wild silk geographically tagged to the state of Assam in India. The silk is known for its extreme durability and has a natural yellowish-golden tint with a shimmering, glossy texture. It was previously reserved for the use of royalty.
3. Eri Silk comes from the caterpillar of Samia ricini, found in northeast India. The name "eri" is derived from the Assamese word "era", which means "castor", as the silkworm feeds on castor plants
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