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Find out about blood groups and their importance.
A blood group is a classification of blood, based on the presence of antigens on the surfaces of red blood cells (erythrocytes). The human ABO blood group system was discovered by Karl Landsteiner in 1901.
The four blood groups present are A, B, AB, and O.
Humans have blood group A possesses two possibilities of antigen present in the blood: IAIA or IAIO.
Humans having blood group B possess two possibilities of antigen present in the blood: IBIB or IBIO
Humans with blood group O have no antigen present in their blood: IOIO
The blood proteins A and B in the human blood grouping are codominant traits, as neither of these proteins is able to dominate the other protein completely.
Depending upon the antigen present in the particular blood group, the AB blood group is known as the universal recipient, while the O blood group is known as a universal donor. The AB blood group is known as the "universal recipient" because AB blood has both A and B antigens and no antibodies to A and B in their blood. They can receive red blood cells from a donor of all blood types.
Extra information:
When a man having blood group A marries a woman having blood group O, the probable blood group of the child will be:
the man having blood group A possesses two possibilities of antigen present in the blood: IAIA or IAIO
Similarly, the woman with blood group O has no antigen present in her blood: IOIO
The possible antigens present in the blood of their child are
IAIA X IOIO IAIO X IOIO
IAIO and IAIO IAIO and IOIO
Thus, if a man is homozygous, with both dominant genes A present in the blood (IAIA), there is a 100% possibility that his child will be heterozygous, with blood group A (possessing antigen IAIO).
But, if the man is heterozygous with blood antigen (IAIO), then the calculated possibility of the blood group of the child will be:
50% blood group A (with antigen IAIO) and 50% chance of blood group O (with no antigen IOIO).
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