Explain the transport of water and minerals in plants.

Transport of water and materials is necessary for plants to maintain a regular supply of oxygen and nutrients to all the cells present in the body.

Plants contain special tissues and organs for the transport of substances so that they can easily transport essential substances like food, oxygen, and water from one part of the body to another in a multicellular organism.

Water and minerals are absorbed by the cells of the root hair. 

As water is absorbed by the root hairs from the soil, it is transported to various parts of the plants through the xylem tubes by the cohesion of water molecules to each other.

Then, there is a steady movement of water from the root xylem to all the parts of the plant, through interconnected water conduction elements. 

Transpiration also helps in the movement of water.

Due to transpiration, a continuous force is developed which pulls the water upward. this force or pull is also known as transpiration pull.

The major minerals required for the growth of the plant are calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, chlorine, and sulphur. 

The transport of food from the leaves to the other parts of the plant occurs through the vascular tissue known as the phloem and the process is known as Translocation. 

The food (sugar molecules) made in leaves is loaded into the sieve tubes of phloem by using energy in the form of ATP. 

As a result, the osmotic pressure increases and water moves into the tissue and pushes the food to the plant parts having a low pressure. 

This process is helpful in moving the food materials according to the needs of the plant.]