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Explain the nature of the covalent bond using the bond formation in CH3Cl.
A covalent bond is formed by sharing of electrons so that the combining atoms complete their outermost shell.
In CH3Cl : C = 6, H = 1 and Cl = 17
And their electronic configuration is
C – 2,4,
H – 1 and
Cl – 2, 8, 7
Three hydrogen atoms complete their shells by sharing three electrons (one electron each) of the carbon atoms.
Chlorine completes its outer shell by sharing its one out of seven electrons with one electron of the carbon atom.
Thus, the carbon atom shares all its four electrons with three hydrogen atoms and one of the chlorine atoms and completes its outermost shell and single covalent bonds are formed in CH3Cl.
[Extra information: A covalent bond/ molecular bond, is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. The electron pairs are known as shared pairs or bonding pairs, when they share electrons and hence, is known as covalent bonding.
Example: Covalent bonding between hydrogen atoms.
Since each hydrogen atom has one electron, they are able to fill their outermost shells by sharing a pair of electrons through a covalent bond. Thus, completing the Duplet rule.
Other Examples include methane (CH4), carbon monoxide (CO), and iodine monobromide (IBr).]
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