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Explain the four types of microorganisms.
Four types of microorganisms are- Bacteria, Virus, Fungi, & Protozoa.
Virus
The word Virus comes from the Latin neuter vīrus referring to ‘to poison’ and other ‘toxic liquids’.
Viruses are non-cellular beings that consist of a nucleic acid core (DNA or RNA) which is surrounded by a protein coat. The nucleic acid encodes the unique genetic information for each virus. The shape and size of viruses are determined by the amount and arrangement of the proteins and nucleic acid.
Example- Rotaviruses and Coronavirus.
Diseases caused by the viruses are- Common cold, flu, rabies, ebola, measles, hepatitis, etc.
Bacteria
Bacteria (singular: bacterium) are microscopic living organisms, usually single-celled, that can be found everywhere. They were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, and are present in most of their habitats.
Bacteria are classified into five groups according to their basic shapes: spherical (cocci), rod (bacilli), spiral (spirilla), comma (vibrios), or corkscrew (spirochaetes). They can exist as single cells, in pairs, chains, or clusters.
They can be dangerous, such as when they cause infection, while they can also be beneficial, as in the process of fermentation (such as in wine), coagulation of milk, and that of decomposition.
Example- Cyanobacteria, Acetobacter, Lactobacillus, etc.
Diseases caused by the bacteria are- Cholera, Tuberculosis(TB), Leprosy, Plague, etc.
Fungi
Fungi (singular: fungus) is a group of multicellular eukaryotic, non-phototrophic, or heterotrophic (cannot make their own food) organisms with rigid cell walls that are due to large amounts of chitin (a structural component only found in the cell walls of fungi). Some fungi are unicellular (single-celled), while others are multicellular. Single-celled fungi are called yeast.
Fungi reproduce both sexually and asexually, and they also have symbiotic associations with plants and bacteria.
It plays an important role in nutrient cycling in an ecosystem. However, they are also responsible for some diseases in plants and animals. The study of fungi is known as mycology.
There are three major types of fungus: yeasts, mushrooms, and molds.
Diseases caused by the fungi are- Coccidioidomycosis(Valley Fever), Candidiasis, Pneumocystis pneumonia, etc.
Protozoa
Protozoa is an informal term used for a group of single-celled eukaryotes, that have not a cell-wall, it is either free-living or parasitic, which feed on organic matter such as other microorganisms or organic tissues and debris.
It is responsible for diseases that affect many different types of organisms, including plants, animals, and some marine life.
It can divide only within a host organism.
Example- Malaria is caused by protozoa Plasmodium.
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