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Explain mitochondria and golgi bodies.
Mitochondria are double membrane-bound cell organelles found in most eukaryotic organisms with a typical size of 0.75-3 μm². They are commonly referred to as the ‘powerhouse of the cell’, it produces the energy necessary for the cell's survival and functioning. The amount of mitochondria in a cell depends on how much energy that cell needs to produce.
Mitochondria have an inner and outer membrane, which are made of proteins and phospholipid with an intermembrane space between them. The outer membrane contains proteins known as porins, which allow movement of ions into and out of the mitochondrion, and also covers the surface of the mitochondrion.
The inner membrane of mitochondria is rather complex in structure and contains a variety of enzymes. It has many folds that form a layered structure called cristae, which helps in increasing the surface area inside the organelle. It is strictly permeable only to oxygen and to ATP molecules.
The Golgi apparatus is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. It is the part of the endomembrane system in the cytoplasm, it packages proteins into membrane-bound vesicles inside the cell before the vesicles are sent to their destination.
Golgi bodies receive proteins and fats from the RER (Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum). It modifies them if required and package them into sealed droplets known as vesicles. These vesicles (containing modified proteins and fats) are released or dispatched to there required destination.
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