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Describe Bohr’s model of the atom.
Bohr’s model of the atom
(1) Atom has a nucleus in the centre.
(2) Electrons revolve around the nucleus.
(3) Certain special orbits known as discrete orbits of electrons are allowed inside the atom.
(4) While revolving in discrete orbits the electrons do not radiate energy.
(5) These orbits or shells are called energy levels.
(6) These orbits or shells are represented by the letters K, L, M, N or the numbers n = 1, 2, 3, 4.
[Extra information: Bohr's model of the atom was proposed by Neil Bohr in 1915. The postulates of Bohr’s model of an atom are given below:
- In an atom, electrons (negatively charged) revolve around the positively charged nucleus in a certain definite path called orbits or shells. Each orbit or shell has fixed energy and these circular orbits are known as orbital shells.
- The energy levels are represented by an integer (n=1, 2, 3…) known as the quantum number. This range of quantum numbers starts from the nucleus to the side with n=1 having the lowest energy level. The orbits n=1, 2, 3, 4… are assigned as K, L, M, N….. shells and when an electron attains the lowest energy level it is said to be in the ground state.
- The electrons in an atom move from a lower energy level to a higher energy level by gaining the required energy and an electron moves from a higher energy level to a lower energy level by losing energy.
- The electron can move only in that orbit in which angular momentum is quantized, i.e., the angular momentum of the electron is an integral multiple of h/2π.]
Updated on: 14-Mar-2023
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