Mark ‘T’ if the statement is true and ‘F’ if it is false:
(i) Nitric acid turns red litmus blue. (T/F)
(ii) Sodium hydroxide turns blue litmus red. {T/F)
(iii) Sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid neutralise each other and form salt and water. (T/F)
(iv) Indicator is a substance which shows different colours in acidic and basic solutions. . (T/F)
(v) Tooth decay is caused by the presence of a base. (T/F)
(i) False
Nitric acid turns blue litmus red.
(ii) False
Sodium hydroxide is a base; hence, it turns red litmus blue.
(iii) True
(iv) True
(v) False
Tooth decay is caused by the presence of an acid.
[Extra information:
Litmus is a natural indicator. A natural Indicator is a type of indicator that can be found naturally and can help us to know whether the material tested is an acidic substance or a basic substance. It is obtained from lichens. The process of obtaining a litmus solution needs the crushing and grinding of lichens.
Some examples of natural indicators other than litmus are: red cabbage, turmeric, turnip skin, curry powder, etc.
It is used to test materials for acidity and basicity. When acid is added to a litmus solution, it changes to red. When a base is added, it changes to blue. Neutral litmus paper is purple in colour.
The process of neutralisation is the reaction in which an acid reacts with a base to produce salt and water.
Example: When sodium hydroxide(base) reacts with hydrochloric acid to form sodium chloride and water.
The chemical equation can be given as:
$NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) →NaCl(aq) + H_2O(l)$]
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