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Differentiate between the following.
(a) Wildlife sanctuary and biosphere reserve.
(b) Zoo and wildlife sanctuary
(c) Endangered and extinct species
(d) Flora and fauna
(a) Wildlife sanctuary and biosphere reserve
| Wildlife sanctuary | Biosphere reserve |
(i) It is a protected area for the animals where they can live in their natural habitat. | (i) This is the area that is conserved to protect the biodiversity and culture of that area. |
(ii) Activities like hunting, poaching, grazing, and cutting of trees are strictly prohibited in the sanctuaries. | (ii) The protected areas like sanctuaries, national parks, lakes, mountains, etc. fall under the biosphere reserve. |
| (iii) In a wildlife sanctuary, tourists may approach animals without being attacked. They are excellent places to connect with animals in their natural habitat. Some wildlife sanctuaries provide rehab. | (iii) Native animals adapt to the environment through their behavior, food, and physical components. Learn about plant and animal ecosystems. It also serves as a safe sanctuary for animals. |
(b) Zoo and wildlife sanctuary
| Zoo | Wildlife sanctuary |
| (i) Zoo is a place where animals dwell in an artificial habitat (created by humans). | (i) It is the protected area for the animals where they can live in their natural habitat. |
| (ii) In zoos, the animals are protected for public view and spread in small areas. | (ii) Activities like hunting, poaching, grazing, and cutting of trees are strictly prohibited in the sanctuaries. |
| (iii) Zoo feature animals from all over the world. | (iii) In a wildlife sanctuary, tourists may approach animals without being attacked, and they are excellent places to connect with animals in their natural habitat. |
(c) Endangered and extinct species
| Endangered species | Extinct species |
| (i) The species that are on the verge of extinction and require protection and conservation are termed endangered species. | (i) The species which are no more exist on the earth are termed extinct species. |
| (ii) Governments and international organizations safeguard endangered animals. Laws limit hunting and habitat degradation. Individuals and organizations who breach these regulations incur sanctions. As a result, many endangered species have recovered. | (ii) A species is extinct when the last surviving member has died. The National Biological Diversity Act (NBA), 2002, protects endangered species and their habitats. Threatened species are notified under Section 38 of the NBA, 2002. |
| (iii) Example: Tiger, wild buffalo, etc. | (iii) Example: Dinosaurus |
(d) Flora and fauna
| Flora | Fauna |
| (i) Flora is all of the plant life present in a particular region or time. | (i) Fauna is all of the animal life present in a particular region or time. |
| (ii) Flora is autotrophs, capable of producing their own food and energy. The study is flora is termed ‘Botany’. | (ii) Fauna is heterotrophs, dependent on plants for their food and energy. The study of fauna is termed ‘Zoology’. |
| (iii) Example: Trees, herbs, shrubs, climbers, etc. | (iii) Example: Birds, animals, reptiles, etc. |
Updated on: 06-Jan-2023
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