(a) Write names and formulae of hydrocarbons containing a single and a double bond (one example for each). Give one characteristic chemical property of each.

(b) What is a detergent? Name one detergent.
(c) Why have detergents replaced soap as a washing agent?

a) Methane (CH4) is a hydrocarbon that has a single bond.
The characteristic chemical property of methane is the substitution reaction. It is a reaction in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by some other atoms.
The chemical equation for the reaction is given below:
$CH_4 + Cl_2 \xrightarrow{sunlight} CH_3Cl + HCl$

Ethene (C2H4) is a hydrocarbon containing a double bond.
The characteristic chemical property of ethene is the addition reaction. It is a reaction in which an unsaturated compound (ethene) is combined with another substance to form a single product (saturated compound).
The chemical equation for the reaction is given below:
$CH_2 = CH_2 + H_2 \xrightarrow{heat; Ni} CH_3 - CH_3$

(b) Detergents are sodium salt of a long chain benzene sulphonic acid, used as a cleansing agent. 
The name of a detergent is sodium n-dodecyl benzene sulphonate.

(c) Detergents have replaced soap as a washing agent because-
  • Detergents do not form insoluble calcium and magnesium salts (scum) in hard water.
  • The solubility of detergents, even in hard water, is better than soap.
  • Detergents also froth well.

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Updated on: 10-Oct-2022

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