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(a) Write names and formulae of hydrocarbons containing a single and a double bond (one example for each). Give one characteristic chemical property of each.
(b) What is a detergent? Name one detergent.
(c) Why have detergents replaced soap as a washing agent?
a) Methane (CH4) is a hydrocarbon that has a single bond.
The characteristic chemical property of methane is the substitution reaction. It is a reaction in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by some other atoms.
The chemical equation for the reaction is given below:
$CH_4 + Cl_2 \xrightarrow{sunlight} CH_3Cl + HCl$
Ethene (C2H4) is a hydrocarbon containing a double bond.
The characteristic chemical property of ethene is the addition reaction. It is a reaction in which an unsaturated compound (ethene) is combined with another substance to form a single product (saturated compound).
The chemical equation for the reaction is given below:
$CH_2 = CH_2 + H_2 \xrightarrow{heat; Ni} CH_3 - CH_3$
(b) Detergents are sodium salt of a long chain benzene sulphonic acid, used as a cleansing agent.
The name of a detergent is sodium n-dodecyl benzene sulphonate.
(c) Detergents have replaced soap as a washing agent because-
- Detergents do not form insoluble calcium and magnesium salts (scum) in hard water.
- The solubility of detergents, even in hard water, is better than soap.
- Detergents also froth well.
Updated on: 10-Oct-2022
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