(a) Write down the electronic configuration of (i) sodium atom, and (ii) chlorine atom.(b) How many electrons are there in the outermost shell of (i) a sodium atom, and (ii) a chlorine atom?
(c) Show the formation of NaCl from sodium and chlorine atoms by the transfer of electron(s).
(d) Why has sodium chloride a high melting point?
(e) Name the anode and the cathode used in the electrolytic refining of impure copper metal.

Academic Chemistry NCERT Class 10

(a) The electronic configuration of:

(i) Sodium – 2, 8, 1

(ii) Chlorine – 2, 8, 7

(b) No. of electrons in the outermost shell of:

(i) Sodium = 1

(ii) Chlorine = 7

(c) The formation of NaCl from sodium and chlorine atoms by the transfer of electron is shown below:

(d) Sodium chloride has a high melting point because it is an ionic compound. Ionic compounds are made up of electrically charged species called ions that can be positive (cation) or negative (anions). The force of attraction between the ions is very strong and is difficult to break. Hence, it requires a high amount of energy to break the bonds.

(e) During the electrorefining of copper:

Anode: Thick block of impure copper metal

Cathode: Thin strip of pure copper metal.

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Updated on: 10-Oct-2022

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