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(a) What happens when dilute hydrochloric acid is added to sodium carbonate? Write balanced equation of the reaction involved.
(b) Which gas is liberated when dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium carbonate? How will you test for the presence of this gas?
a) When dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium carbonate, sodium chloride, carbon dioxide, and water are formed.
The balanced equation for the reaction is given as:
$Na_2CO_3(s) + HCl (aq) → 2NaCl(aq) + CO_2 (g) + H_2O(l)$
(b) Carbon dioxide is liberated during the above reaction.
The gas evolved when HCl reacts with sodium carbonate is passed through lime water, lime water turns milky or white precipitate of calcium carbonate is formed.
$Ca( OH)_{2}( aq) \ +\ CO_{2}( g) \ \rightarrow \ CaCO_{3}( s) \ +\ H_{2} O( l)$
Limewater Carbon dioxide milkiness (white ppt)
On passing this gas in excess, it becomes clear again. This confirms the presence of carbon dioxide.
$CaCO_{3}( s) \ +\ CO_{2}( g) \ +\ H_{2} O( l) \ \rightarrow \ Ca( HCO_{3})_{2}( aq)$
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