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(a) State and explain the law of conservation of energy with an example. (b) Explain how, the total energy a swinging pendulum at any instant of time remains conserved. Illustrate your answer with the help of a labelled diagram.
(a). Law of conservation of energy: "Energy can neither be created nor can be destroyed, it can be converted from one form to another form."
For example- 1. In a simple pendulum, at every position kinetic energy and potential energy get converted from one form to another form. While the total energy of the bob remains constant.
2. Potential energy of a freely falling body gets converted into kinetic energy.
(b). Law of conservation of energy with the help of a pendulum:
A simple pendulum is an example of the conservation of energy. It can be understood as:
1. At center position B only Potential energy it has.
2. While moving down towards center A Potential energy starts decreasing and kinetic energy starts increasing.
3. At center A Potential energy is zero and the bob of the pendulum has only kinetic energy.
4. While the bob moving from center A to Extreme position B kinetic energy starts decreasing and potential energy starts increasing.
5. At extreme position C the pendulum has only potential energy.
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