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(a) Give the electronic configurations of sodium and chlorine.
(b)Write the electron-dot structures for sodium and chlorine atoms.
(c) Describe the formation of sodium chloride from sodium and chlorine by the transfer of electrons. What changes take place in the electronic configurations of sodium and chlorine during the formation of sodium chloride?
(d) Write any two properties of ionic compounds.
(a) The electronic configuration of Sodium is 2, 8, 1, and of Chlorine is 2, 8, 7.
(b) The electron dot structure of Sodium and Chlorine atoms are given below:
(c) The formation of sodium chloride from sodium and chlorine atoms by the transfer of electrons is shown below:
Formation of NaCl
To attain completely filled valence shell, Na has to lose the outermost electron, and Cl needs one electron to complete the valence shell.
By losing an electron, Na becomes Na+(cation) and this electron is accepted by Cl to form Cl-(anion). The oppositely charged ions attract each other and form NaCl. They are held together by strong electrostatic forces of attraction. The bond existing between them is called an ionic bond.
The electronic configuration of Na+ in NaCl is 2, 8, and of Cl- is 2, 8, 8.
(d) The two properties of ionic compounds are given below:
- They have high melting points and also high boiling points.
- They are hard crystals.
- They conduct electricity but only when they are dissolved in water.
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