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(a) Distinguish between esterification and saponification reactions with the help of chemical equations for each.(b) With a labelled diagram describe in brief an activity to show the formation of an ester.
(a)
Esterification:- A process in which a carboxylic acid and an alcohol react in presence of conc. $H_{2}SO_{4}$ to form a sweet smelling ester.
$\overset{CH_{3}COOH}{Ethanoic \; acid}+\overset{CH_{3}CH_{2}OH}{Ethanol}\xrightarrow[(conc.H_{2}SO_{4})]{Acid}CH_{3}COOC_{2}H_{5}+H_{2}O$
Saponification:- A process in which an ester and sodium hydroxide reacts to form the sodium salt of an acid and alcohol.
$CH_{3}COOC_{2}H_{5}+NaOH\rightarrow CH_{3}COONa+C_{2}H_{5}OH$
(b) An activity to show the formation of an ester in a school laboratory is shown below:
- Take 1 ml of glacial acetic acid and 1 ml of Ethanol along with a few drops of conc. $H_{2}SO_{4}$ in a test tube.
- Warm tube in a water bath for 5 minutes keeping the test tube in the beaker containing water.
- A pleasant, fruity smel is observed which comes as an ester is formed.
Updated on: 10-Oct-2022
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