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A girl of mass 50 kg jumps out of a rowing boat of mass 300 kg on to the bank, with a horizontal velocity of 3 m/s. With what velocity does the boat begin to move backwards?
Here given, mass of the boat $m_b=300\ kg$
Velocity of boat $v_b=?$
Mass of girl $m_g=50\ kg$
Velocity of girl $v_g=3\ m/s$
According to the law of conservation of momentum:
$m_bv_b=m_gv_g$
Or $v_b=\frac{150}{300}$
Or $v_b=0.5\ m/s$
Therefore, the boat begins to move backward with a velocity of $0.5\ m/s$.
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