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(a) Describe the mechanism of urine formation in human excretory system. Draw a labelled diagram to illustrate your answer.
(b) Where is urine carried through ureters ?
(c) What is urethra ?
(a) Urine formation involves three main processes- Glomerular filtration, Tubular Reabsorption, and Tubular Secretion, which takes place in different parts of the nephron. Each nephron contains a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule. The renal corpuscle consists of capillaries called the glomerulus, which is enclosed by a capsule called Bowman’s capsule. At first, blood containing waste like urea is filtered by the glomerulus and is called glomerular filtration. During filtration, the substances like glucose, salts, amino acids, urea, water, etc present in the blood pass into Bowman's capsule and then enter the renal tubule of the nephron where the necessary materials are reabsorbed into the blood through blood capillaries and only the waste substances like urea and excess water remain behind in the tubule. Now, the nephron carries the urine into the collecting tubule of the kidney from where it is carried to the ureter. From the ureter, the urine passes into the urinary bladder, which stores the urine until it is forced out of the body, through an opening known as the urethra.
(b) Through ureters, urine is carried into the urinary bladder.
(c) Urethra is the small opening by which urine is conveyed out of the body from the bladder.
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