A compound 'X' on heating with excess conc. sulphuric acid at 443 K gives an unsaturated compound 'Y'. 'X ' also reacts with sodium metal to evolve a colorless gas 'Z'. Identify 'X ', 'Y' and 'Z'. Write the equation of the chemical reaction of formation of 'Y', and also write the role of sulphuric acid in the reaction.
Compound X on heating with excess conc. sulphuric acid at 443 K gives an unsaturated compound 'Y', hence compound X is ethanol and compound Y is ethene.
Compound 'X ' also reacts with sodium metal to evolve a colorless gas 'Z, hence 'Z is hydrogen gas.
$C_2H_5OH \xrightarrow {sulphuric acid} C_2H_4 + H_2O$
Hot concentrated sulphuric acid is a strong dehydrating agent. It reacts with ethanol to give ethene by removing water.
$C_2H_5OH + Na → C_2H_5ONa + H_2$
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