Iodine

Introduction

Iodine has been used in a variety of ways since the dawn of time when humans first began cooking food on flame. Iodine is among the necessary elements that humans require to live, & human bodies can produce it by themselves. As a result, we must rely on diet to make up for Iodine deficiency.

• As a govt. rule, unless it has been introduced during food manufacturing to keep it fresh and ready to consume for an extended time, there is only a trace quantity of iodine that may be present in food products.

• The proton number of iodine is 53, and it occurs naturally in the form of a grey or purple colour.

• In the periodic table, it is categorized as a halogen element. In their chemical properties, all halogens have a strong similarity in their chemical characteristics to iodine, and this is also true when they create a compound.

"What Is Iodine?

• The oxidation no. of iodine is +7, -1, +3, +1, and +5.

• Similarly, the only stable Iodine found naturally on Earth is iodine-127. There is an extremely beneficial isotope of Iodine that exists in a radioactive state, & this isotope is Iodine-131.

• Iodine has an atomic mass of 126.9044u.

• The amount of Iodine in saltwater is hardly spectacular, with just 50 mg of Iodine for every metric tonne of seawater. However, seaweeds are the finest source of Iodine extraction, and the majority of the Iodine in our meals originates from them.

Structure

• The proton number of iodine is 53, and it occurs naturally in the form of grey or dark purple colour and non-metal.

• Iodine has an atomic mass of 126.9044.

Characteristics of Iodine

• Iodine is a glossy, purple-black, or dark grey non-metal.

• Even though it may form compounds with many elements, 𝐼 have the highest electro positivity among halogens as well as the highly stable among halogens.

• Iodine sublimes quickly when heated, producing a purple mist. Iodine dissolves in certain solvents, like carbon tetrachloride, but only minimally in water.

• Iodine occurs naturally in the ocean, and certain marine fish and aquatic plants retain it in their tissues. Iodine is introduced to almost every type of salt that is used. It is found in marine seafood, and sea flora.

• Iodine occurs in the water, atmosphere, & soil. The seas are the most significant natural suppliers of iodine Much of it settles on land and becomes part of the bio-cycle.

• Iodine is potentially radioactive. Radioactive isotopes are generated naturally in the atmosphere through chemical processes. Most radioactive isotopes of iodine have relatively short half-lives & swiftly rearrange into stable iodine complexes.

• However, one radioactive type of iodine has a ½ life of millions of yrs and is exceedingly harmful to the environment.

• Accidents at nuclear power stations have resulted in enormous amounts of radioactive iodine being released into the atmosphere. This isotope enters the atmosphere through nuclear stations, where it is generated during the production of both plutonium and uranium.

Physical Properties of Iodine

Properties	Iodine
Atomic number	53
Electronegativity	2.5
Melting point	114 °C
Vander Waals radius	0.177 nm
Isotopes	15
Boiling point	184 °C
The energy of the first ionization	1008.7 kJ/mol
Standard potential	+ 0.58 V

Chemical Properties of Iodine

• At ambient temperature, iodine is a non-metal, almost black solid with a sparkling crystalline look.

• At ambient temperature, iodine has a significant vapour pressure as well as progressively sublimation in a deep violet mist that is unpleasant to the nose, throat & eyes.

• As a result, the weighing of iodine is done in a stoppered bottle; for the manufacture of an aqueous medium, the container may include a mixture of 𝐾𝐼, which significantly reduces vapour pressure of iodine; a brown complex that is triiodide is rapidly created −

$$\mathrm{Kl\:+\:I_{2}\:\rightarrow\:Kl_{3}}$$

• Iodides can be dissolved in molten iodine as a water-immiscible solvent.

• The equilibrium established due to self-ionization leads to the electrical conductivity of melted iodine. The reaction is given below −

$$\mathrm{3l_{2}\:\Longleftrightarrow\:I_{3}^{-}\:+\:I_{3}^{+}}$$

Uses of Iodine

• Iodine is widely used in medicine as a tincture & iodoform, as well as in the formulation of some medications as well as the production of various printing inks & colours. It is also a component of tablets of water purification, which are used to make water drinkable.

• In photography, silver iodide is employed. Iodine is introduced to practically all salt and is employed as an animal feed ingredient.

• In year1839, Louis Daguerre invented a method for producing images on a piece of metal, and photography became the 1st industrial application for iodine. These images were known as daguerreotypes.

• Iodine has several commercial applications nowadays. Pharmaceuticals, printing inks. Disinfectants, catalysts, dyes, & photography chemicals all employ iodide salts. Iodine is also used in the manufacture of polarising filters for LCD panels.

• Iodine-131, a radioactive isotope, is occasionally used to treat malignant thyroid glands.

• Iodide is added in tiny amounts to salt to minimize iodine deficiency from causing thyroid gland damage.

Conclusion

It can be concluded that Iodine, symbol '𝐼,' is a grey or purplish blackish nonmetal with a proton number 53. Even though it may produce compounds with several elements, it is the most stable & electropositive halogen.

It is found mostly on Earth as the water-miscible iodide in saline seas. When warmed, it becomes purple. It is not totally water soluble & may be dissolved in a few solvents such as carbon tetrachloride. Iodine is present naturally in the air, land, & water. Seas are the main source of this element.

FAQs

1. Does iodine cleanse the body?

Pesticides, fluoride, and a slew of other harmful toxins will find their way into our systems. The excellent thing is that having adequate iodine in the human body will enable us to keep some of those pollutants out.

2. How long does it take for iodine to take effect?

This medication normally takes 1-3 months to have an impact on the thyroid gland, with the greatest benefit coming 3-6 months following treatment. In most cases, a single dosage is sufficient to cure hyperthyroidism.

3. What are the advantages of consuming iodine?

Thyroid health may be improved. Iodine is extremely important for thyroid health. limiting exposure to additional goitres Treatment of thyroid cancer treatment, overactive thyroid gland, Enhancing cognitive function. May aid in the treatment of fibrocystic breast disease.

4. What are Iodine's Environmental Impacts?

Iodine in the atmosphere mixes with water particles & dissolves in water /land. Plants take dissolved Iodine from soil and water throughout the growing process. Plants provide iodine to humans and animals. Iodine that is present or dissolved in water will evaporate and interact with the air. Iodine is radioactive, although it is not toxic to humans.

5. What is the aroma of iodine?

Iodine smells nearly like metal, but it is also salty. It has an unpleasant smell and is not as reactive as other halogens.