Difference Between Experiment and Survey

Experiments and surveys are two commonly used research methods that are utilized in different fields of study. Both these methods have their own set of advantages and disadvantages, and it is important to understand the key differences between them in order to determine which method is most appropriate for a particular research question. In this essay, we will explore the differences between experiments and surveys, their unique features, and their respective strengths and limitations.

Experiment

An experiment is a scientific method that involves the manipulation of variables in order to determine their effect on a particular outcome or behavior. Experiments are typically conducted in a controlled environment, where one or more variables are changed or manipulated to observe the effect on the dependent variable. The independent variable is the variable that is changed or manipulated, while the dependent variable is the variable that is measured or observed to see the effect of the independent variable. The purpose of an experiment is to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between the independent and dependent variables.

Survey

A survey, on the other hand, is a research method that involves collecting information from a sample of individuals or groups through a standardized questionnaire or interview. Surveys can be conducted in person, over the phone, through mail, or online. The purpose of a survey is to gather information about the attitudes, opinions, behaviors, and characteristics of a population or sample. Surveys can be used to test hypotheses, generate descriptive statistics, and make generalizations about the larger population.

Differences: Experiment and Survey

The key differences between experiments and surveys can be summarized as follows −

Manipulation of Variables − Experiments involve the manipulation of one or more variables to determine their effect on a dependent variable, while surveys do not manipulate any variables.

Control over the Environment − Experiments are typically conducted in a controlled environment, where the researcher can manipulate and control the independent variable, while surveys are conducted in the natural environment of the participants.

Purpose − The purpose of experiments is to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between the independent and dependent variables, while the purpose of surveys is to gather information about the attitudes, opinions, behaviors, and characteristics of a population or sample.

Data Collection − Data in experiments is collected through observations and measurements of the dependent variable, while data in surveys is collected through self-report measures such as questionnaires or interviews.

Time and Resources − Experiments usually require more time and resources than surveys due to the need for control over the environment and manipulation of variables.

Strengths and Limitations − Strengths of Surveys −Both experiments and surveys have their own set of strengths and limitations.

Strengths of Experiments −

• Establishing cause-and-effect relationships between variables

• Ability to manipulate and control variables

• Control over the environment

• High internal validity

• Ability to replicate and test findings

Limitations of Experiments −

• Artificial environment may not reflect real-life situations

• Ethical concerns with manipulating variables

• Limited generalizability to the larger population

• May require a large amount of time and resources

Strengths of Surveys −

• Ability to gather large amounts of data from a sample

• Ability to generalize findings to the larger population

Characteristics	Experiment	Survey
Etymology	Experiment came from the Latin word “experior” which means “to attempt” or “to experience”.	survey came from the Latin word “supervidere” which means “to see”.
Source of Information	Conducting an experiment enables the researchers to gather data from the result of the experimental treatment.	On the other hand, surveys get information from the selected population.
Data	Experiments mainly deal with primary data.	surveys can gather secondary data which are in line with descriptive research.
Research involved	The experimental method is noticeably used for experimental research.	Survey is employed in descriptive research,

Conclusion

Experiments usually involve random assignment of participants to different groups, while surveys often use random sampling techniques to ensure that the sample is representative of the population.