Nizamuddin Siddiqui has Published 1100 Answers

How to find the number of occurrences of unique and repeated characters in a string vector in R?

Nizamuddin Siddiqui
Nizamuddin Siddiqui
Published on 05-Jan-2021 10:46:01
To find the number of occurrences of unique characters in a string vector, we can use table function with the combination of rle and strsplit. For example, if we have a string vector x that contains some unique and repeated values then it can be created by using the below ... Read More

How to set the X-axis labels in histogram using ggplot2 at the center in R?

Nizamuddin Siddiqui
Nizamuddin Siddiqui
Published on 05-Jan-2021 10:44:51
The boundary argument of geom_histogram function and breaks argument of scale_x_continuous function can help us to set the X-axis labels in histogram using ggplot2 at the center. We need to be careful about choosing the boundary and breaks depending on the scale of the X-axis values. Check out the below ... Read More

How to create horizontal legend using ggplot2 in R?

Nizamuddin Siddiqui
Nizamuddin Siddiqui
Published on 05-Jan-2021 10:43:13
The default legend direction is vertical but it can be changed to horizontal as well and for this purpose we can use legend.direction argument of theme function of ggplot2 package. For example, if we want to create a bar chart with x as categories and y as frequencies tjat are ... Read More

How to remove names from a named vector in R?

Nizamuddin Siddiqui
Nizamuddin Siddiqui
Published on 05-Jan-2021 10:40:12
To assign names to the values of vector, we can use names function and the removal of names can be done by using unname function. For example, if we have a vector x that has elements with names and we want to remove the names of those elements then we ... Read More

How to convert a string vector into title case in R?

Nizamuddin Siddiqui
Nizamuddin Siddiqui
Published on 05-Jan-2021 10:38:33
We cannot be sure about the data characteristics we get for analysis and mostly it is not well organised, thus, the first task would be to make it more organised. The string values not in title case should also be taken care of if it is especially supposed to be ... Read More

How to set a specific value for a range in an R vector?

Nizamuddin Siddiqui
Nizamuddin Siddiqui
Published on 05-Jan-2021 10:35:46
Suppose we have a vector that contains hundred values starting from 1 to 100 and we want to set values greater than 5 and less than 96 to 5 then it can be done with the help of ifelse function. For example, if such vector is named as x then ... Read More

How to find the number of positive values in an R vector?

Nizamuddin Siddiqui
Nizamuddin Siddiqui
Published on 05-Jan-2021 10:34:20
We know that positive values are greater than 0, therefore, we can use this condition with length function to find the number of positive values in a vector. For example, if we have a vector x that contains some positive and some negative values and we want to find the ... Read More

How to check if all values in a vector are integer or not in R?

Nizamuddin Siddiqui
Nizamuddin Siddiqui
Published on 05-Jan-2021 10:33:06
To check whether all values in a vector in R are integer or not, we can round the vector using floor function then subtract the vector values from it and check whether the output is zero or not. If the output will be zero that means the value is integer ... Read More

How to convert a matrix into a data frame with column names and row names as variables in R?

Nizamuddin Siddiqui
Nizamuddin Siddiqui
Published on 05-Jan-2021 10:31:36
To convert a matrix into a data frame with column names and row names as variables, we first need to convert the matrix into a table and then read it as data frame using as.data.frame. For example, if we have a matrix M then it can be done by using ... Read More

How to create an empty data frame with fixed number of rows and without columns in R?

Nizamuddin Siddiqui
Nizamuddin Siddiqui
Published on 05-Jan-2021 10:30:17
To create an empty data frame with fixed number of rows but no columns, we can use data.frame function along with the matrix function. That means we need to create a matrix without any column using matrix and save it in a data frame using data.frame function as shown in ... Read More
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