(a) What is meant by a functional group? Explain with an example.(b) Write three common functional groups present in organic compounds. Give their symbols/formulae.

(c) Name the functional groups present in the following compounds:

(i) CH₃COOH (ii) CH₃CH₂CHO (iii) C₂H₅OH (iv) CH₃COCH₂CH₃

(d) Name the functional group which always occurs in the middle of a carbon chain.

(e) Draw the structures for the following compounds:

(i) Ethanal (ii) Propanal (iii) Butanal (iv) Pentanal

Academic Chemistry NCERT Class 10

(a) An 'atom' or 'a group of atoms' that makes a carbon compound (or organic compound) reactive and decides its properties (or functions) is called a functional group.

Example: The alcohol group, −OH, present in ethanol, C₂H₅OH, is a functional group.

(b) Three common functional groups present in organic compounds and their symbol are given below:

(i) Halogen group: −X

(ii) Alcohol group: −OH

(iii) Aldehyde group: −CHO

(c) The functional groups present in the compounds are -

(i) Carboxylic acid group

(ii) Aldehyde group

(iii) Alcohol group

(iv) Ketone group

(d) The functional group which always occurs in the middle of a carbon chain is the Ketone group, −CO−.

(e) The structures are shown in the figure below:

(i) Ethanal

(ii) Propanal

(iii) Butanal

(iv) Pentanal

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Updated on: 10-Oct-2022

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